1. “ Mobility Matters:” Migration Essentials Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Gervais Appave Geneva 1 December 2009

2. 2 Part and consequence of globalization Characteristic, defining feature of present-day world 1. Human mobility

3. 3 Choice Model of economic development Growth

4. 4 Mobility Goods Services Capital Globalization – generates mobility States have freed capital, goods, services Made a decision for greater mobility

5. 5 People will follow

6. 6 more diverse and more inter-related than in the past - Short-term, or long-term- Uni-directional or circular - Internal or international - Regular or irregular 2. Patterns of contemporary mobility:

7. 7 Particularly for low and semi-skilled workers Opportunities to move are frequently limited People seek to move for variety of reasons: personal, family social, business or work (or combination of)

8. 8 Highly Skilled Migration Family Migration Internal Migration Tourism Irregular Migration Study Abroad Realms of mobility 10-15%* of total flows *ILO Estimates Low and Semi-skilled Migration

9. 9 Realms of mobility Mobility Categories No Fixed Boundaries

10. 10 Highly Skilled Migration Family Migration Internal Migration Tourism Irregular Migration Study Abroad 3. Centrality of Work Low and Semi-Skilled Migration Work

11. 11 4. Labour market dynamics increasingly operating across international borders: Interconnectedness/Interdependence More countries having entered or entering world economy Workforce more integrated into the world economy Markets more open to international trade and capital flows

12. 12 - Resort to global sourcing of services - International network of enterprises - Global assembly lines for production of goods - Creates demand for increased labour mobility Globalization changes the way enterprises do business

13. 13 5. Required: planned and predictable ways of matching demand and supply - Short-term, circular, long-term or permanent labour mobility Policies and procedures: flexible and adaptable Phenomena being dealt with: international in nature Policies and instruments: more national/ regional in scope

14. 14 Policies of countries of origin and destination need to be complementary and mutually supportive - Employers, recruitment agencies, trade unions, migrant and diaspora associations, Inter-governmental organizations Cooperative approaches to human resource development to meet national, regional and global objectives Participation of non-state stakeholders

15. 15 Labour Migration: Key Aspect of Human Mobility and Global Economy Pre-eminence of asylum and irregular migration on policy agendas Focus on protection and humanitarian assistance But recent shift in policy perspectives Realization that tackling isolated migration issues such as integration or return not very effective Economic impact of labour migration on countries of origin through remittance flows Previously (i.e. last 3 decades of the 20th century) Little space for comprehensive migration management

16. 16 Mobility Matters Opportunity to forge new vision and more collaborative approaches May offer tools to address current economic crisis Integral part of the global economy Isolationism, restrictive policies: Not very efficient Calls for new policy paradigms for the management of integration