1. Low-cost, electricity generating heat engines for rural areas
International Conference
Low-cost, electricity generating heat engines for rural areas
Paul H. Riley Conference Chair
Score Project Director

2. 1.4 Billion without Electricity
3 Billion people cook on open fire
Indian Sub continent
Sub Saharan Africa … the World
International Conference to bring together key people providing solutions to share novel ideas

3. International Conference
Thanks to Mr Vincenzo Raimo, Director International Office
Keynote speakers
Dr Grace Mukasa
Country Director PA Kenya
Mr Kees deBlok
CEO, Aster Thermoakoestische Systemen, The Netherlands
Presenters theme’s
Social requirements and field experience
System Design
Thermo-Acoustic Engines
General Heat Engines
Posters and manufacturers
Delegates
~ 50 people attending
Continents of Africa, Asia, Indian subcontinent, North and South America, Europe

4. Score-Stove ™
Low-cost, smoke-free cooking with wood or dung, generating electricity for rural areas.

5. Score project 5 year project Social science Requirements capture
£2m award, started 2007
Social science
Needs
Impact
Inhibitors
Requirements capture
Technical
Financial
Social
Thermo-Acoustics
Appropriate manufacture
Investigate requirements for large scale manufacture
>10 M per year

6. Consortium (core team)
University of Nottingham
Lead, Linear Alternator, management, exploitation
City University London
Design, development and analysis of low cost stove enclosures. Wood fuelled stove testing with and without TAE
University of Leicester
Thermo-acoustics, rigs, PIV
Queen Mary University of London
System design, requirements documentation, demonstrator
Practical Action
Requirements capture, Social science research, field trials

7. Licenses available for developed world
Strategy
Score Centres
Malaysia, Bangladesh, Jaipur, Kenya, Nepal, Uganda
Local community engagement
Score Core Team
Research dissemination commercialisation
Score Community
21 Collaboration agreements
Score Partner organisations
Intellectual property given free to developing countries, in return for Score owning improvements.
Licenses available for developed world

8. The need 1.4 billion have no electricity Many stove designs
The rest intermittent: load shedding
Many stove designs
Insufficient impact
need billions, not 100’s thousands
Understanding social context is key
Poverty < $2 per day
Motivation, e.g. mobile phone
Low power, 25W makes a difference, 100 W better.
Familiarity with local culture
Photographs courtesy Practical Action

9. Market Survey (from Score Project)
Typical Nepalese house
Target cost*
Between £20 and £60
In large quantities enables
1.2 B to 60 M people
BUT…………………………..
* 2007 prices

10. Affordability Cheapest solution is not the most affordable
The right packaged solution makes it more attractive.
Stop using kerosene for lighting.
Torches etc. mean kerosene use > zero
Typical kerosene cost = £15 to £30 pa
Use of LED lights, low maintenance,
cost decreasing due to learner curve.
Need easy-to-use way to monitor electricity
So that carbon credits can be claimed.
Low cost entry point uses low capacity battery.
Many devices (mobile phones) can be charged during cooking

11. Generating stove goals
Reduce
Wood consumption
Smoke inhalation
Improve
Health
Reduced smoke
improved understanding of modern medicine
Preservation of prescription drugs (cooling)
Education, by means of electricity
light at night
access to knowledge through mobile phone and computer
Radio and TV
Wealth
Better education
Access to improved farming methods and commodity prices
Business opportunities (sales and maintenance, selling electricity)

12. The Score Stove Goal For £20 - £60 it will Can burn
Generate electricity.
Be affordable.
Be Smoke free.
Reduces emissions.
Can burn
Wood or Dung
other biomass
propane and kerosene.
help 3 billion rural people
save 10 Mt Carbon per year
Score intervention in Nepal. 10 and 20We simulated.

13. Is Score useful? Simulated Score Stove Satisfaction
35 houses in Nepal and Kenya
10 – 20 W electrical
No smoke, less wood
Satisfaction
100% used electricity for lighting helping education, social
80% used for radio
33% mobile phone charging
16% sold electricity
Interest from Developed world
KTP with Warrior Stoves (UK) awarded
CHP
Benefit can be gained from as little as 15We, longer term 100We targeted.

14. Technology options
There is no doubt that a reliable smoke-free cooking stove that generates electricity, reduces fuel consumption and is affordable, will sell in the 100’s millions and give great benefit.
What technologies can meet these requirements?
Erikson cycle
Stirling engine
Steam engine
Solar plus clean cooking stove
Thermo-Acoustic
Thermo-Electric (Thermopile)

15. Business Case model Available on memory stick is an Excel™ model
The model shows a business case at 3 levels
The Household
Village Store, or shop
Country or large region
Pico Hydro
Is cheapest solution, where available
Falls behind at regional level as coverage is limited
PV solar
Needs to operate in monsoon season (reduced light)
Needs smoke free stove as well
Assumptions
Can be varied to benchmark different scenarios and technologies
Are designed to show consistency across different options
Feedback from your technology area is welcome

16. Product comparison

17. Householder view

18. Regional View

19. Score Status April 2012 Thermo-Acoustic technology chosen
Research phase and dissemination completed
Additional awards made (totalling £0.5M)
KTS, KTP, centre establishment, Follow on funds.
Significant free support (people’s time)
Score Community running since 2008.
City University achieved record of 23We for wood burning TAE.
Scientific (instrumented) rigs built
Leicester and Queen Mary University of London
8 demonstrators built, 8 on order
Cost reduction plan
One off demonstrators
£2500 in UK, £750 with low labour cost,
In 100k pa volume
£150 RR audit, £60 with manufacturing improvements
More research needed to hit £20 target

20. Next Steps Increase output to 50We, then 100We
4 companies interested in manufacture at 50We
Supporting Score Centres
Complete cooling work at Leicester
Sponsorship
Field trials
Manufacturers
Dissemination event
Benchmark with other technologies
Form future collaborations

21. Acknowledgements
The Score project is funded by EPSRC, the UK Engineering and Physical Research Council.
Thanks to the Score Team
Professor Chris Lawn, Dr Catherine Gardner
Queen Mary University London,
Professor Artur Jaworski, Dr Zhibin Yu, Ms Patcharin Saechan
University of Leicester
Professor Keith Pullen and Dr Ron Dennis
City University London
Dr Teo Sanchez
Practical Action
Professor Mark Johnson, Dr David Hann, Dr Chitta Saha and Mr Lijo George
My Nottingham colleagues
Aster Technology the Netherlands,
Mr Kees deBlok
Score Centre Malaysia
Dr Yousif Abakr, Mr Baiman Chen, Mr David Wee
The numerous members of the Score Community
Especially Mark Loweth

23. Dr Grace Mukasa Country Director, Practical Action Kenya
Introducing
Dr Grace Mukasa
Country Director, Practical Action Kenya

25. Back pocket slides

26. Score Objectives
Contribute to increasing wealth and education and improving health in developing countries by investigating appropriate and affordable novel technology to meet the energy needs of isolated rural communities in developing countries. This technology is designated, SCORE, the Stove for Cooking, Refrigeration and Electricity supply.
Develop a Project Network, comprising academics from both the research team and local universities acting as knowledge hubs in the target countries, charities and non-government organisations, government representative and the local communities themselves. Exchange and focus the scientific, technological and social knowledge required by SCORE. Promote SCORE worldwide and provide a database of end-user requirements and product applications
Plan and create the mechanisms for implementation of SCORE by identifying barriers to implementation and proposing solutions, forming collaborations within the developing countries, developing training strategy and suitable training materials, encouraging the acquisition of matching funding, promoting the building of local manufacturing capacity, and highlighting the wider business opportunities of SCORE in developing countries.
Capture and evaluate the underpinning scientific knowledge of thermoacoustic technologies and devise a new engineering concept combining the thermoacoustic engine, electrical generation and refrigeration. Integrate these in a technology demonstrator.
Study heat transfer processes in combustion and thermoacoustic systems and devise a high-efficiency, integrated combustor/heat exchanger/stove unit, capable of fulfilling its cooking function and providing the energy to the thermoacoustic element. Evaluate its performance by experimentation and integrate it into a technology demonstrator.
Devise through interdisciplinary research an inexpensive method to convert acoustic energy into electricity that could be easily mass produced and evaluate its performance.
Study the manufacturability, cost and the potential of using indigenous materials and local skills and based on the technology demonstrator, to design feasible SCORE prototypes, which could be field tested at selected locations. Build and demonstrate the prototypes in selected rural communities.
Benchmark the design against other technologies and recommend future development paths, research and applications.

27. Project start Mar- Sept 2007
Original members
University of Nottingham (Lead, Management and LA) Imperial college (appropriate manufacture, social-technical interface), University of Manchester, Queen Mary London, (TA technology) The Charity Practical Action (Social science, field studies)
Current members
University of Nottingham, City London, University of Leicester, Queen Mary London, Practical Action.
Originally supported by
Los Alamos (Scott Backhaus), Dai-ichi (Philippines) 10 other letters of support
Current support
Dai-ichi (Philippines), Aster (Kees deBlok), Malaysian campus, PA Bangladesh, BUET, Rolls-Royce, plus other NGO and companies.
Score Community launched 2008
Score Centres launched 2010
Submitted publications to date
11 journal, 16 conference. (4 awaiting publication)

28. Score Original Plan

29. The actual plan was different to schedule

30. Score Centre of Excellence
Malaysia started 2010
Bangladesh, India started in July 2011
Targeted at organisations that have
both research and teaching capabilities
Have capacity and will to propagate Score knowledge
Will be provided with information to
Design and analyse TAE*
Manufacture Score-Stoves
How to Maintain Score Stoves
Create business models for Score-Stove™ exploitation
Explore the franchise type
Support available for creating teaching modules
Quality level of approval and regular checks
Long term to be Self sustaining and sufficient
* Thermo-Acoustic Engines

31. Score Community Began 2008 now has 14 members
Tajikistan, SA, Kenya, Nepal, Uganda, Ghana, China, India.
Loosely bound individuals and organisations
Have signed Collaboration Agreement or non-disclosure
Score IP* given freely to developing countries
Generated IP owned by Nottingham University
Then freely available to all developing countries
Access to community web site to share knowledge
Licenses available for use in developed countries
Includes self-help community of practice
Encourages profitable enterprises
As long as profit stays in developing country
Encourages Research
* Intellectual Property