1. Ocean-Floor Sediments (19.3)

2. Sources of Deep Ocean-Basin Sediments
Refresher!!! What is a deep ocean-basin?
Part of the ocean floor that is under deep water beyond the continental margin.
Sediments usually finer
Collected using core samples
Samples show slow settlement and can be organic or inorganic

3. Core Samples
A scientist studying a core sample that was collected by drilling into sediment layers on the ocean floor.

4. Inorganic Sediments Rocks carried from land by rivers
Volcanic dust blown into ocean by wind
Glaciers pick up sediment iceberg deposit in ocean
Meteorites vaporize in atmosphere but creates dust that enters Earth’s atmosphere

5. Inorganic sediment deposited by a river in Indonesia

6. Biogenic Sediments Majority of sediments on ocean floor are Biogenic
Biogenic: sediments that are the remains of marine plants and animals.
Most common compounds found in organic sediments are silica and calcium carbonate

7. Chemical Deposits
Chemical reactions in ocean produce solid materials that eventually settle to ocean floor as potato shaped lumps of minerals called nodules.
Nodules commonly located on abyssal plains.

8. Nodules
Lumps of minerals that are made of oxides of manganese, iron, copper, or nickel that is found in scattered groups on the ocean floor.

9. Physical classification of sediments
Two basic types
(1) Muds: fine silt and clay sized particles of rocks. E.g. red clay
(2) Ooze: soft, fine sediment. E.g. biogenic materials
Calcareous ooze-made of calcium carbonate
Siliceous ooze-made of silicon dioxide.