2. Lesson 2 The wastes generated by human activity can pollute both land and water. However, there are many actions people can take to reduce pollution and help preserve land and water resources. Protecting Land and Water

3. Lesson 2 In this lesson, you’ll learn to: Identify sources of land and water pollution. Assess the impact of population on community and world health. Analyze the influence of laws on health-related environmental issues. Examine strategies for reducing land and water pollution. Lesson Objectives

4. Lesson 2 Biodegradable Waste Many wastes are biodegradable.biodegradable However, when biodegradable materials are discarded in quantities too large for nature to handle, or when materials are not biodegradable, other waste-disposal solutions must be found. Waste Disposal

5. Lesson 2 Solid Waste Much solid waste ends up in landfills.landfills Landfills must be located away from certain areas to protect groundwater (water that collects under the earth’s surface) and must be lined with special materials to prevent leakage. Landfill operators must follow practices that reduce odor and control disease-carrying insects and rodents. Waste Disposal

6. Lesson 2 Hazardous Waste Waste Disposal Industrial processes generate some hazardous wastes.hazardous wastes Household products such as batteries are also considered hazardous wastes. Nuclear wastes, a collection of radioactive materials that pose serious hazards to humans and other life forms, are a type of hazardous waste. Because of the long decay rates of some radioactive materials, these materials must be isolated in secure facilities for thousands of years.

7. Lesson 2 Sources of Hazardous Wastes Waste Disposal

8. Lesson 2 Expansion and Development Impact of Population Growth Throughout history, population growth has been accelerating. Rapid population growth leads to swift deterioration of the land and to a severe drain on resources such as water. Urban development can also have a dramatic impact on the land. As new cities are built, room for them must be cleared. This clearing has been at the expense of wilderness areas and rain forests.

9. Lesson 2 Expansion and Development Disappearing Forests Developing nations in Central America, Africa, and Southeast Asia have been clearing tropical forests on a massive scale for fuel and to make way for farms and ranch land. This deforestation has upset the fragile balance of nature.deforestation Aside from providing a home to countless plant and animal species, the world’s great forests play a vital part in controlling soil erosion, flooding, and sediment buildup in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.

10. Lesson 2 Urban Sprawl Expansion and Development As the land surrounding cities becomes developed, environmental problems can occur. Runoff from parking lots and fertilized lawns may contaminate the drinking water supply. Air quality worsens as increased automobile and lawnmower usage adds more engine exhaust to the air. To help address the problem of urban sprawl, city planners are rethinking the way suburbs are organized.urban sprawl

11. Lesson 2 Monitoring and Testing Water Supplies The EPA requires water suppliers to monitor and test water before sending it through municipal and community water systems. If the water is contaminated, the supplier must shut down the system and fix the problem. All drinking water is susceptible to pollution. Because the water can come from large sources such as rivers, lakes, and aquifers that underlie several counties or states, the pollution source can be far away from where the water is used. Water Supplies and Pollution

12. Lesson 2 Polluted Runoff Water pollution is sometimes caused by illegal dumping of industrial chemical wastes. Most surface water contamination is caused by polluted runoff—rainwater or snowmelt that runs over the land, picking up such contaminants as pesticides, fertilizers, and wastes. Polluted runoff can also contaminate groundwater, the primary source of drinking water for millions of people in the United States. Water Supplies and Pollution

13. Lesson 2 Wastewater Along with sewage, wastewater includes water that is generated and discharged from industries, feedlots, and many other sources.wastewater Wastewater contains harmful substances such as human and animal wastes, metals, and pathogens. Some wastewater must be treated by cooling in order to prevent thermal pollution. The EPA regulates the treatment and discharge of wastewater under the Clean Water Act. Water Supplies and Pollution

14. Lesson 2 Other Sources of Water Pollution Sediment: Sediment from land erosion can destroy aquatic ecosystems and clog lakes, stream channels, and harbors. Oil: Some oil contamination comes from the cleaning of oil tankers and the release of oil from offshore drilling rigs. Problems can also occur when people dump used motor oil and household chemicals down household and storm drains. Water Supplies and Pollution

15. Lesson 2 Steps to Keep Land and Water Clean Reducing the Risks Recycle materials whenever possible to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills. Dispose of all materials properly. Follow directions when using chemicals. Reduce water usage. Repair leaky faucets. Follow the recommendations for landscape watering that apply to your area.

16. Lesson 2 Q. A _________ is an area that has been safeguarded to prevent disposed wastes from contaminating groundwater. 1.landfill 2.wastewater 3.nuclear waste 4.runoff Choose the appropriate option. Quick Review

17. Lesson 2 A. A landfill is an area that has been safeguarded to prevent disposed wastes from contaminating groundwater. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

18. Lesson 2 Provide a short answer to the question given below. Q. Assess the impact of population on community and world health. Click Next to view the answer. Quick Review

19. Lesson 2 A. Rapid growth of population leads to deterioration of land and a severe drain on resources. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

20. Lesson 2 Provide a short answer to the question given below. Q. How can polluted runoff contaminate water supplies? Click Next to view the answer. Quick Review

21. Lesson 2 A. Polluted runoff picks up contaminants such as pesticides, fertilizers, and wastes over the land, thereby contaminating water supplies. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

22. Lesson 2 Analyze the influence of laws like the Clean Water Act on health- related issues. Provide a suitable explanation. Quick Review

23. Lesson 2 A. Correct! A landfill is an area that has been safeguarded to prevent disposed wastes from contaminating groundwater. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

24. Lesson 2 You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Quick Review - Answer

25. Lesson 2 Biodegradable Waste Many wastes are biodegradable. However, when biodegradable materials are discarded in quantities too large for nature to handle, or when materials are not biodegradable, other waste-disposal solutions must be found. Waste Disposal Biodegradable waste is able to be broken down by microorganisms in the environment.

26. Lesson 2 Solid Waste Much solid waste ends up in landfills.landfills Landfills must be located away from certain areas to protect groundwater (water that collects under the earth’s surface) and must be lined with special materials to prevent leakage. Landfill operators must follow practices that reduce odor and control disease-carrying insects and rodents. Waste Disposal A landfill is an area that has been safeguarded to prevent disposed wastes from contaminating groundwater. A landfill is an area that has been safeguarded to prevent disposed wastes from contaminating groundwater.

27. Lesson 2 Hazardous Waste Waste Disposal Industrial processes generate some hazardous wastes.hazardous wastes Household products such as batteries are also considered hazardous wastes. Nuclear wastes, a collection of radioactive materials that pose serious hazards to humans and other life forms, are a type of hazardous waste. Because of the long decay rates of some radioactive materials, these materials must be isolated in secure facilities for thousands of years. A hazardous waste is a substance that is explosive, corrosive, highly reactive, or toxic to humans or other life forms. A hazardous waste is a substance that is explosive, corrosive, highly reactive, or toxic to humans or other life forms.

28. Lesson 2 Expansion and Development Disappearing Forests Developing nations in Central America, Africa, and Southeast Asia have been clearing tropical forests on a massive scale for fuel and to make way for farms and ranch land. This deforestation has upset the fragile balance of nature. Aside from providing a home to countless plant and animal species, the world’s great forests play a vital part in controlling soil erosion, flooding, and sediment buildup in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. The destruction of forests is known as deforestation.

29. Lesson 2 Urban Sprawl Expansion and Development As the land surrounding cities becomes developed, environmental problems can occur. Runoff from parking lots and fertilized lawns may contaminate the drinking water supply. Air quality worsens as increased automobile and lawnmower usage adds more engine exhaust to the air. To help address the problem of urban sprawl, city planners are rethinking the way suburbs are organized. The spreading of city development (houses, shopping centers, businesses, and schools) onto undeveloped land is called urban sprawl.

30. Lesson 2 Wastewater Along with sewage, wastewater includes water that is generated and discharged from industries, feedlots, and many other sources.wastewater Wastewater contains harmful substances such as human and animal wastes, metals, and pathogens. Some wastewater must be treated by cooling in order to prevent thermal pollution. The EPA regulates the treatment and discharge of wastewater under the Clean Water Act. Water Supplies and Pollution Wastewater is used water that comes from homes, communities, farms, and businesses. Wastewater is used water that comes from homes, communities, farms, and businesses.