1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

2. History of the Cell Around 1665, Robert Hooke observed a piece of cork and saw tiny cavities. This was the first time cells were observed.

3. Robert Hooke’s Microscope Magnified Cork

4. Felix Dujardin Mid - 1800, Frenchman Felix Dujardin discovered protoplasm. This is the living material inside the cell.

5. Robert Brown Mid-1800 Found the nucleus.

6. Theodore Schwann While observing plant and animal cells, he noted that plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not.

7. M J Schleiden Was comparing plant and animal cells at the same time as Schwann. Found similar ideas.

8. Together, Schleiden and Schwann formulated the Cell Theory.

9. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. (It was once believed that living organisms could come from non-living organisms Spontaneous Generation.)

10. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

11. Examples of Cells Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Human Cell

12. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

13. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

14. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

15. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

16. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell

17. Cell Parts Organelles

18. Surrounding the Cell

19. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

20. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

21. Inside the Cell

22. Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

23. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

26. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

27. Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

28. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

29. Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

30. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

31. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

32. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

33. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

34. Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Plant and Animal Cells are very similar in structure with the exception of the following organelles: Plant Cells Have:Animal Cells Have: cell wallcentrosomes chloroplast