Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Cell Structure and Function
Kandinsky ( )
2
Early Observations Santiago Ramon y Cajal (
3
Early Discoveries Mid 1600s - Robert Hooke cells in cork
Late 1600s - Antony van Leeuwenhoek, microorganisms
4
Early Discoveries 1820s - Robert Brown observed nucleus in plant cells
5
Microscopes Light microscopes Magnify to 1,000X LM 1,000 Figure 4.1B
6
Electron Microscope Greater magnification SEM 2,000 TEM 2,800
Figure 4.1C Figure 4.1D
7
Cell Size Cells vary Surface area - limits 10 m Human height 1 m
Length of some nerve and muscle cells Chicken egg Frog egg Unaided eye Light microscope Electron microscope 10 m 1 m 100 mm (10 cm) 10 mm (1 cm) 1 mm 100 m 10 m 1 m 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm Atoms Proteins Small molecules Lipids Viruses Ribosome Nucleus Mycoplasmas (smallest bacteria) Most plant and animal cells Most bacteria Mitochondrion Cells vary Surface area - limits
8
Cell Size Ratio of surface area to volume 10 m 30 m
Surface area of one large cube 5,400 m2 Total surface area of 27 small cubes 16,200 m2 Figure 4.2B
9
Cell Theory 1) Every organism is composed of cells
2) Cell is smallest unit of life 3) Continuity of life from cells growth + division
10
Structure of Cells Two types Prokaryotic - bacteria No nucleus DNA?
Prokar yotic flagella Ribosomes Capsule Cell wall Plasma membrane Nucleoid region (DNA) Pili
11
Structure of Cells Eukaryotic – plants, animals, fungi DNA?
12
Structure of Cells Prokaryotic cell Nucleoid region
Nucleus Eukar yotic cell Organelles Colorized TEM 15,000
13
Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus and organelles Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Plasma membrane Mitochondrion Flagellum Not in most plant cells Lysosome Centriole Microtubule Cytoskeleton Intermediate filament Microfilament Peroxisome
14
Plant Cell Features Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Ribosomes
Central vacuole Not in animal cells Chloroplast Cell wall Golgi apparatus Nucleus Microtubule Cytoskeleton Intermediate filament Microfilament Ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Peroxisome Plasma membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum
15
Components of the Nucleus
Chromatin Nucleolus Pore Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Two membranes of nuclear envelope
16
Smooth ER Figure 4.7 Smooth ER Rough ER Nuclear envelope Ribosomes
TEM 45,000 Figure 4.7
17
Rough ER Transport vesicle buds off 4 Ribosome
Sugar chain 3 Secretory (glyco-) protein inside trans- port vesicle 4 Polypeptide Ribosome 1 Rough ER Glycoprotein 2
18
Golgi Apparatus Golgi apparatus “Receiving” side of Golgi apparatus
TEM 130,000 Transport vesicle from the Golgi “Shipping” side of Golgi apparatus “Receiving” side of Golgi apparatus Transport vesicle from ER New vesicle forming
19
Vesicles Lysosomes
20
Vesicles Vacuoles Central vacuole Contractile vacuole Nucleus
LM 650 Nucleus Contractile vacuoles Chloroplast Central vacuole Nucleus Colorized TEM 8,700
21
Mitochondria Mitochondrion Outer membrane Intermembrane space
Matrix Inner membrane Cristae TEM 44,880
22
Chloroplasts Figure 4.14 Chloroplast Stroma Inner and outer membranes
TEM 9,750 Chloroplast Stroma Intermembrane space Inner and outer membranes Granum Figure 4.14
23
Flagella and Cilia LM 600 Colorized SEM 4,100 Figure 4.17A
Figure 4.17B
25
Flagella and Cilia Figure 4.17C Flagellum
Electron micrographs of cross sections: Basal body Basal body (structurally identical to centriole) TEM 206,500 Plasma membrane Dynein arms Radial spoke Central microtubules Outer microtubule doublet Figure 4.17C
26
Cytoskeletal Elements
Actin subunit Microfilament 7 nm Fibrous subunits 10 nm Intermediate filament Microtubule 25 nm Tubulin subunit
27
Microtubules Involved in plant/ animal interactions tubulin subunit
Figure 4.21 Page 71
28
Microfilaments Muscle contraction actin subunit
29
Intermediate Filaments
one polypeptide chain
30
Plant Cell Walls Primary cell wall = outer Secondary cell wall
Rigid Cellulose and lignin Middle lamella joins cells together
31
Plant Cell Walls Secondary cell wall (3 layers) Primary cell wall
32
Plant Cell Walls
33
Animal Cell Junctions Tight junctions Adhering junctions Gap junctions
Link cells of most body tissues Waterproof Adhering junctions Link cells prone to stretching Gap junctions Link cytoplasm - rapid signals
34
Animal Cell Junctions tight junctions gap junction adhering junction
35
Question of the Day What is the role of the smooth ER in increasing drug tolerance?
Similar presentations
