1. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Greg Easson, Ph.D.- (PI) Robert Holt, Ph.D.- (Co-PI) A. K. M. Azad Hossain Patrick Yamnik University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center The University of Mississippi Evaluating Next Generation NASA Earth Science Observations for Image Fusion to Enable Mapping Variation in Soil Moisture at High Resolution Rapid Prototyping Capability for Earth-Sun Systems Sciences Robert Ryan, Ph.D. Mr. Kent Hilbert SSAI-SSC Don Atwood, Ph.D. Alaska Satellite Facility Mr. Michael B. Hillesheim Sandia National Laboratories Dennis Powers, Ph.D. Consulting Geologist Collaborators Project Team

2. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008  Project Overview  Objectives  Study Site  RPC Experiments  Project Progress  Data Collection/Processing  Data Analysis and Results  Upcoming Major Tasks  Schedule/Current Status  Future Prospects Outline 2 of 21

3. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 3 of 21 Problem Statement  Not possible at both high spatial and temporal resolution due to lack of sensors with these combined capabilities Mapping Soil Moisture

4. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008  We hypothesize that MODIS can be transformed to virtual soil moisture sensors (VSMS) for mapping soil moisture at high spatial and temporal resolution by:  Fusion with SAR data (VSMS1)  Disaggregation model (VSMS2) Virtual Soil Moisture Sensor (VSMS) 4 of 21 Project Overview - Objectives  We designed a RPC project to evaluate potential of VIIRS to replace MODIS to improve monitoring soil moisture by generating VSMS Rapid Prototyping Capability (RPC) Project

5. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008  Part of Nash Draw in southeastern New Mexico  Project site is a part of Chihuahuan Desert. Site extent: approximately 225 sq. km  Semi-arid area  Karst topography Project Overview – Study Site 5 of 21

6. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Project Overview – RPC Experiments  Experiment 1: Soil Moisture Estimation  Evaluate VIIRS to replace MODIS in soil moisture estimation using VI-LST Triangle Model  Experiment 2: Generation of VSMS1  Evaluate VIIRS to replace MODIS in virtual soil moisture generation using Multiple Regression and ANN with SAR  Experiment 3: Generation of VSMS2  Evaluate VIIRS to replace MODIS in virtual soil moisture generation using SHEELS, RTM and DisaggNet Three RPC experiments in the project 6 of 21

7. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Estimation of MODIS/VIIRS Based Soil Moisture AMSR-E MODIS SMR MODIS SM(1 km) NDVI LST Reflectance Data (MOD09) Thermal Data (MOD11) VI- LST Triangle Model Project Overview – Experiment # 1 Simulated Reflectance Simulated Thermal Data VIIRS SM(800 m) NDVI-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index LST-Land Surface Temperature R- Regression VI-Vegetation Index SM-Soil Moisture 7 of 21

8. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Field Data MODIS SM(1 km) R SAR-Synthetic Aperture Radar SM-Soil Moisture ANN-Artificial Neural Network R-Regression VSMS1-Virtual Soil Moisture Sensor M-MODIS V-VIIRS RADARSAT 1 SAR Fine Imagery (10 m) SAR SM(10 m) R ANN VSMS1 M SM(10 m) VIIRS SM (800 m) VSMS1 V SM(10 m) Generation of Virtual Soil Moisture Sensor 1 (VSMS1) Project Overview – Experiment # 2 8 of 21

9. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Generation of Virtual Soil Moisture Sensor 2 (VSMS2) SHEELS - Simulator for Hydrology and Energy Exchange at the Land Surface RTM - Radiative Transfer Model DisaggNet - Neural network based Disaggregation model VSMS2 (M) SM(10 m) DisaggNet RTM SHEELS MODIS SM(1 km) SM Emissivity VIIRS SM (800 m) VSMS2 (V) SM(10 m) SM - Soil Moisture VSMS2 - Virtual Soil Moisture Sensor 2 M - MODIS V - VIIRS Project Overview – Experiment # 3 9 of 21

10. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Data Collection and Processing Project Progress - Data 10 of 21

11. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 R AMSR-E L3 25 km SM MOD11 1km FLST MOD09 250 m FNDVI VI-LST Triangle Model 1 km SM MODIS/VIIRS Based Soil Moisture Estimation (Exp. # 1) Project Progress – Analysis/Results 11 of 21

12. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 MODIS/VIIRS Based Soil Moisture Estimation (Exp.#1) AMSR-E Soil Moisture (25 km resolution) 7.6 7.7 6.6 6.9 Project Progress – Analysis/Results 12 of 21

13. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Project Progress – Analysis/Results Comparison between VIIRS and MODIS NDVI (EXP. # 1) R 2 = 0.47 R 2 = 0.60 R 2 = 0.53 R 2 = 0.17 R 2 = 0.71 R 2 = 0.68 R 2 = 0.71 R 2 = 0.66 R 2 = 0.45 R 2 = 0.66 13 of 21

14. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Estimation of SAR Based Soil Moisture (Exp. # 2)  Empirical model for mapping soil moisture using regression  The model will relate field observed soil water with the backscatter values extracted from the acquired SAR imagery Project Progress – Analysis/Results 14 of 21

15. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Estimation of SAR Based Soil Moisture (Exp. # 2) Project Progress – Analysis/Results 15 of 21

16. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Estimation of SAR Based Soil Moisture (Exp. # 2) Project Progress – Analysis/Results 16 of 21

17. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Multi-temporal Analysis of SAR Data Red: September 19 Green: August 02 Blue: August 26 Estimation of SAR Based Soil Moisture (Exp. # 2) Project Progress – Analysis/Results 17 of 21

18. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Upcoming Major Tasks and Issues Tasks  Completion of VIIRS soil moisture estimation and Comparison with MODIS soil moisture  Completion of SAR soil moisture estimation  Generation of VSMS and comparison of VSMS1 and VSMS2  Evaluate results in the field Issues  Simulation of VIIRS Thermal Data  Acquisition on SAR data (November scene) 18 of 21

19. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Project Schedule – Revised Task in progress Task planned Shows when project officially started and fund distribution started Task completed

20. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Future Prospects  Input of high resolution soil moisture information in DSS  PECAD, SWAT. AGWA  Example: Performance of PECAD can be enhanced by improving crop stress and growth prediction  Currently using- Palmer two layer soil moisture model  Recently projects funded for the inclusion of AMSR-E 25 km soil moisture product  Evaluation of SMAP Mission Performance using Aquarius  Consists of both active and passive microwave sensors for soil moisture mapping  Current project demonstrates the prospects of fusion of active and passive microwave data for producing high resolution soil moisture maps 20 of 21

21. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC: 14-15 April 2008 Thank You!