1. Taking a Stand in History:
People, Ideas, Events
Marsha Ingrao, Instructional Consultant

2. Internet Research
Session #2

3. Charting Progress
Starting at the bottom of the graph, put a dot on the graph if you have collected information from the source listed.

4. Norms Use words and actions that are respectful.
Communicate with both yourself and others in mind.
Encourage the exchange of ideas.
Listen attentively with the intention to understand.

5. Agenda Step One Selecting Topic – Review Step Two : Begin Researching
Secondary Sources Online
Primary Sources Online
Internet Quality Check
Step Three: Documentation
Bibliography
Process Paper

6. Review: Evaluating Web Sources
What is the domain?
edu=education
Gov=government
Org=organization
Com=commercial
~=personal page example: .edu/~lincoln
Credentials of the author
Name of organization
Websites that link to your site

7. Search Engines Efficient ways to search
Differences among search engines

8. Partner Reflection
If we had unlimited time we could search forever. With all the search engines available, which one or ones seem to fit your needs best?
What surprised you in this activity?

9. Windows Opening Keep one window open. http://citationmachine.net/
Keep your note taking window open (Cornell notes)
Keep your process paper open.

10. Use Primary Sources Learn about your topic using primary sources.
Primary Sources are documents that are created by:
people who participated in the events or;
people who witnessed the event.

11. Types of Primary Sources
Written Documents (diaries, memos, reports, deeds, wills, official records, personal records)
Photographs
Cartoons
Posters
Maps
Artifacts
Sound recordings
Motion pictures

12. Recent Primary Sources
Recent is considered anytime in the past 60 years. There is usually someone still alive who has participated in events that you can , phone, or write.

13. Time and Place Rule
“This rule says the closer in time and place a source and its creator were to the event in the past, the better the source will be.” Library of Congress Learning Page

14. Evaluating Primary Sources
Test reliability of a primary source
Time and Place Rule
Bias Rule
Crosscheck
Questions to Ask Yourself
Web Sources

15. Bias Rule
“Says that every source is biased in some way. Documents tell us only what the creator of the document thought happened, or perhaps only what the creator wants us to think happened…
Every piece of evidence and every source must be read or viewed skeptically and critically.
No piece of evidence should be taken at face value. The creator's point of view must be considered.
Each piece of evidence and source must be cross-checked and compared with related sources and pieces of evidence.” Library of Congress Learning Page

16. Partner Reflection
What ideas might you be having about how will you could scaffold this process to make it easier for your students?

17. Primary Sources on the Internet
National Archives and Records Administration
NARA Digital Classroom
Library of Congress: American Memory
The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
Bartleby.com Search Quotations

18. Cartoon Analysis Worksheet
Political cartoons
Cartoon Analysis Worksheet

19. Analyzing Political Cartoons
Three Levels of Analysis
Record what you see.
Record feelings and symbols.
Search for deeper meaning.

20. Photo Analysis Worksheet
Three steps
Record what you can touch.
Hypothesize or infer.
Record questions raised.

21. Analyzing Photos

22. Practice
Using ARC enter “533461” as a keyword to put together an oral report and slide show or PowerPoint presentation using as "slides" digital images on the computer screen.
Copy 3-7 pictures into a power point presentation
Analyze them in the slide following each photo.

23. Written Document Analysis Worksheet
Six Steps
Type of document
Physical Qualities
Date
Author
Audience
Information in document

24. Written Document Use the worksheet to analyze document.

25. Quotations Use quotations often to make a point.
Explain your reactions to the quote as it pertains to the theme or your thesis.

26. Step Four: Continue Researching
Public Libraries
University Libraries
Historical Societies – Local for the area your are studying
Other organizations
Museums
Book/video stores
Historic Sites

27. Local Library Public Library (local historic photos available online)
Librarians – a great resource
Reference books
General historical works
Internet access
Videos
Historical novels
News clippings of local events
Special collections
Historical monographs (A scholarly piece of writing of essay or book length on a specific, often limited subject. )

28. University Libraries Librarians – (can make searching go faster)
Historical Atlasses
Popular magazines
Previous studies on your topic

29. State and Local Historical Societies
Sometimes offer scholarships or want to display your work when you are finished
Manuscript collections
Letters and diaries
Papers of prominent local individuals
Oral history collections
Birth, marriage and death records
Photographs
Pamphlets
State Commission reports
Historical object collections

30. Organizations Churches Fraternal organizations Ethnic societies
Political parties or organizations
Corporations
Veterans Groups
Community Centers

31. Video Store
Amazon.com
Powells.com
Local video store

32. Visiting Historical Sites
You get a feel for where the event took place.
You can take your own pictures.
You can find experts.
The site may have its own research collection.
Call or write for appointments to get the best results.

33. Summer Institute
ATTENTION TEACHERS: National History Day Is holding the second summer institute in Williamsburg, VA.