1. 1865-1876 The aftermath of the Civil War
Reconstruction
The aftermath of the Civil War

2. Lincoln’s View US as “one indivisible nation” had prevailed
Plan to quickly restore state governments loyal to the Union
Lincoln’s plan was jeopardized by his assassination
John Wilkes Booth
Ford’s Theater
April 14, 1865

3. Why “Reconstruction?”

4. South is in RUINS

5. Why Reconstruction?
Roads, bridges, buildings, and machinery were destroyed.
Once-rich farm fields were barren or weed choked
Confederate money was worthless
Farmers and planters had no money or credit to buy seeds and tools so they could start growing crops again
The vast labor pool of slaves had dried up.

6. Radical Republicans want:
To punish states that seceded (ANGRY with South)
To ensure equal voting rights for African Americans
They clash with Lincoln’s successor: Andrew Johnson

7. Andrew Johnson Impeached by Radical Republicans 1868
Not removed from office
Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson by a margin of 35 guilty to 19 not guilty - one vote short of the two-thirds needed to convict.

8. Text Book Assignment: Complete Sentences (except definitions)
Define vocabulary listed in sidebar on pages: 402, 410, 419
Check Point Questions: 403, 405, 406, 409, 412, 415, 416, 418, 421, 424, & 427
Explain what the following people contributed to Reconstruction:
Ulysses S. Grant
Frederick Douglass
Robert E. Lee

9. The Civil War Amendments
13th Amendment:
Abolish slavery permanently in the US
14th Amendment:
States prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American
Some Southern states immediately implement “Black Codes”
These limit rights for African Americans
15th Amendment:
Voting rights were guaranteed regardless of “race, color, or previous degree of servitude.”

10. Black Codes differed by state
laws designed to regulate the lives of the former slaves:
Employment was required of all freedmen; violators faced vagrancy charges
Freedmen could not assemble without the presence of a white person
Freedmen were assumed to be agricultural workers and their duties and hours were tightly regulated
Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write
Public facilities were segregated
Violators of these laws were subject to being whipped or branded.

11. End of Reconstruction Election of 1876: Compromise of 1877
Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican
Samuel Tilden, Democrat
Hayes won by 1 electoral vote, Tilden won the popular vote by 250,000 votes.
Compromise of 1877
Democrats agreed to election results if Republicans agreed to compromise.

12. Compromise of opens the door to the “Jim Crow Era” and began a long period in the South where African Americans were denied full rights of American citizenship.
To withdraw federal soldiers from their remaining positions in the South
To enact federal legislation that would spur industrialization in the South
To appoint Democrats to patronage positions in the South
To appoint a Democrat to the president’s cabinet.

13. Economic Impact of War and Reconstruction
North and Midwest
South
Strong, growing industrial economies
Will cause the US to emerge as a global economic power
Devastated by war, infrastructure destroyed
Labor force gone because of end of slavery and casualties of war
Remained agriculturally based economy and poorest part of country
Transcontinental Railroad:
Increases Westward movement towards the Pacific
Completed soon after war ends

14. Social Impact of War and Reconstruction
African Americans:
Emancipation Proclamation allows them to serve in Union Army
Civil War Amendments end slavery
Black Codes restrict rights in South
Women:
Managed homes and families with little resources
Faced poverty and hunger
Found new roles in agriculture, nursing, and war industries

15. Social Impact of War and Reconstruction
Common Soldier:
Warfare = gruesome hand to hand combat
Diaries and letters home record this
Left psychological scars
Returned home to find homes gone
Left with permanent disabilities

16. Robert E. Lee Urged Southerners to reconcile and rejoin U.S.
President of Washington and Lee University
Emphasized the importance of education in nation’s future

17. Frederick Douglass Supported full equality for African Americans
Urged passage of 14th and 15th Amendments
Encouraged government actions to protect rights of freedmen
Served as ambassador to Haiti

18. Ulysses S. Grant
Urged Radical Republicans not to be harsh with former Confederates
Elected president
Advocated rights for freedmen
Opposed revenge on the South

19. New Vocab:
Scalawags--southern whites who supported republican policy throughout reconstruction
Carpetbaggers--northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction or took advantage of vulnerable economy
Sharecropping--system in which landowners rented a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops

20. Reconstruction Poster
Title
Dates
Johnson’s View
Radical Republican View
What reforms were actually passed?
Explain the three Civil War Amendments
Explain the Compromise of 1877 and End of Reconstruction
Include Douglass’, Lee’s, and Grant’s view
Pictures and color to accent important information