1. Computer Software CSCI N207 Data Analysis Using Spreadsheet Department of Computer and Information Science, IUPUI

2. Software: The Inside Story Software may come on a CD or DVD, a flash drive, or as a Web download Today’s software is generally comprised of many files Page 2

3. Programmers and Programming Languages The finished software product is distributed by the programmers themselves or software publishers –E.g. Microsoft Office 2007 A programming language provides the tools a programmer uses to create software –Source code –High-level language Page 3

4. How Software Works Microprocessors understand only machine language A compiler translates high-level language instructions to machine language instructions Page 4

5. Application Software and System Software Application software helps people carry out tasks using a computer –E.g. PowerPoint, Excel System software helps the computer carry out basic operating functions –E.g. Windows XP Page 5

6. Application Software and System Software Page 6

7. Operating System Overview The operating system (OS) acts as the master controller for all activities Page 7

8. Operating System Overview Operating system tasks include –Managing processor resources –Managing memory –Keeping track of storage resources –Ensuring that input and output proceed in an orderly manner –Establishing basic elements of the user interface Page 8

9. Operating System Overview Managing resources –Multitasking, e.g. different jobs concurrently –Multithreading, e.g. different uses use a computer at the same time, one CPU is used –Multiprocessing, e.g. different uses use a computer at the same time, several CPUs are used Managing memory –The OS allocates RAM when multiple programs run at once Page 9

10. Operating System Overview Keeping track of storages –Files and empty spaces on your storage medium User interfaces –Graphical –Command-line Page 10

11. Operating System Overview Interacting with the OS –Launch programs –Manage files –Get help –Customize the user interface –Configure equipment 11

12. Windows, Mac, UNIX, Linux, and DOS Mac OS and Windows base their user interface on the graphical model Page 12

13. UNIX was developed in 1969, and is very dependable –Foundation for Apple’s Mac OS X Tiger Linux is loosely based on a UNIX derivative –Distributed under the terms of a General Public License 13 Windows, Mac, UNIX, Linux, and DOS

14. Microsoft introduced DOS (Disk Management System) in 1982 –Marketed under MS-DOS Provided part of the operating system kernel for Windows versions 3.1, 95, 98, and Me DOS offers handy troubleshooting utilities Page 14 Windows, Mac, UNIX, Linux, and DOS

15. Handheld and Tablet Operating Systems Windows XP Tablet Edition is the OS supplied with just about every tablet computer –Handwriting recognition Page 15

16. Utilities Utility software is designed to perform a specialized task –System software –Can be purchased in a store or online –IUWARE - http://iuware.iu.edu/ Page 16

17. Document Production Software Assists you with composing, editing, designing, printing, and electronically publishing documents –E.g Word, Notepad, Wordpad, OpenOffice Page 17

18. Spreadsheet Software A spreadsheet uses rows and columns of numbers to create a model or representation of a real solution Spreadsheet software, such as Microsoft Excel, provides tools for creating worksheets Page 18

19. Database Software A database is a collection of data –Database software helps you find, organize, update, and report information stored in a database 19

20. Graphics Software Designed to help you create, manipulate, and print graphics –Photo editing software e.g. PhotoShop –Drawing software e.g. Paint –3-D graphics software e.g. Rhino –CAD software e.g. AutoCAD –Presentation software e.g. PowerPoint Page 20

21. Music Software Allows you to make your own digital voice and music recordings –Audio recording and editing software –CD ripper software –Audio encoding software –Notation software Page 21

22. Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software Provides a set of tools for –Transferring video footage –Editing raw video –Adding special visual effects –Adding a sound track Page 22

23. Software Suites Collection of application software sold as a single package –Less expensive to purchase a software suite than applications individually Page 23

24. Entertainment Software Computer games are the most popular type of entertainment software Page 24

25. Business Software Vertical market software is designed to automate specialized tasks in a specific market or business Horizontal market software is generic software that just about any type of business can use –Payroll software –Accounting software –Project management software Page 25

26. Buying Software Make sure your computer meets the system requirements Page 26

27. Installation Basics Installing software places the files in appropriate folders on your hard disk Page 27

28. Software Updates Software publishers regularly update their software –Add new features –Fix bugs –Update security Software patches replace part of the software you currently have installed Service packs correct problems and address security vulnerabilities, usually in operating systems Page 28

29. Software Updates Updates are usually available online for registered software Always install patches and service packs when they become available Many software publishers require users to type in a validation code to complete the installation Page 29

30. Uninstalling Software Uninstall routines delete the software’s files from the various folders on your computer’s hard disk Page 30

31. Software Copyrights and Licenses A copyright is a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original “work” exclusive rights Software licenses define the ways in which you may use a computer program –Single-user: Software can be installed on one machine –Multiple-user: Software can be installed on two or more machines –Site: Software can be installed on any machine in the working unit Page 31

32. A EULA (end-user license agreement) is displayed on-screen when you first install software Different types of software licenses –Commercial software: must have a license to use it –Shareware: try it before you buy it –Freeware: can be used for unlimited time at no cost –Open source: free distribution, access to source codes Page 32 Software Copyrights and Licenses

33. Presentation created by: Lingma Acheson linglu@iupui.edu