1. Approved Training Manual’s Lesson Plans And Courseware
STAR MARIANAS AIR, INC.
Approved Training Manual’s
Lesson Plans
And
Courseware
Recurrent – Flight Crew
Part III – Aircraft Ground Training
Section 2 – Aircraft Systems

2. Before We Start
Complete Class Roster
Cell Phones OFF

3. Aircraft Ground Training:
OBJECTIVES:
To provide comprehensive training to crewmembers to ensure they are adequately prepared for flight status.
COMPLETION STANDARDS:
The attendee will through class participation and discussion that they have an adequate understanding of the lesson content
EXAMINATION:
Oral Quiz; Written examination/Instructor certification
Class Duration:
1.0 Hour (Initial Requirement)
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

4. Training Materials Current copy of the General Operations Manual
Aircraft flight Manual

5. Aircraft Ground Training:
A. Aircraft general
B. Power plant
C. Electrical
D. Hydraulic
E. Fuel
F. Air Conditioning
G. Flight controls
H. Landing gear
I. Equipment and furnishings
J. Navigation Equipment
K. Flight instruments
L. Communications equipment
M. Warning systems
N. Lighting
O. Emergency equipment (aircraft specific)
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

6. Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems
a. Aircraft general

7. Aircraft Ground Training:
Introduction
The Airplane
The PA is a six-place (seventh seat optional), single engine, low wing, all metal monoplane.
Airframe
Except for the tubular steel engine mount, steel landing gear struts, other miscellaneous steel parts, and the dent resistant fiberglass extremities, the basic airframe is of aluminum alloy.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

8. Aircraft Ground Training:
Dimensions
Wing Span (ft) 32.8 Wing Area (sq ft) Wing Loading (lbs per sq ft) 19.5 Length (ft) 27.7 Height (ft) 8.2 Power Loading (lbs per hp) 11.3
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

9. Aircraft Ground Training:
Dimensions
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

10. Aircraft Ground Training:
Dimensions
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

11. Aircraft Ground Training:
Turning radius
Nose Wheel Travel 30° left & right
Turning Distance (Min) 59 ft., 10.8 in.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

12. Aircraft Ground Training:
Panel Layouts
Typical Panel Layout
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

13. Aircraft Ground Training:
Panel Layouts
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

14. Aircraft Ground Training:
Cockpit and cabin configurations
Early Models (N4089W & N4127R) have push rod style throttle, prop, and mixture controls. Instruments laid out differently due to fuse vs. circuit breakers.
N4599X does not have a seventh seat installed. Has several unique avionics including strike finder and moving map.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

15. Aircraft Ground Training:
Other major systems and components or appliances
N4599X has air conditioner installed.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

16. Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems
B. Powerplant

17. Aircraft Ground Training:
Basic engine description
Engine horsepower rating
Accessory drives
Ignition
Oil system
Fuel control
Propeller
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

18. Aircraft Ground Training:
Basic engine description
The PA is powered by a Lycoming IO-540-K1A5 Engine. The six cylinder engine is normally aspirated fuel injected
Engine horsepower rating
rpm
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

19. Aircraft Ground Training:
Accessory Drives
Aircraft Ground Training:
Description
Drive Ratio
Direction of Rotation
Starter
16.556:1
Counterclockwise
Alternator
3.200:1
Clockwise
Vacuum Pump
1.300:1
Hydraulic Pump
1.385:1
Tachometer
.500:1
Prop. Governor
.895:1 / .947:1 *
Magneto Drive
1.500:1
Fuel Pump
1.000:1
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems
* For Wide Deck Engines (Engines equipped with wide cylinder flanges)

20. Aircraft Ground Training:
Ignition
Dual ignition is furnished by 2 Bendix S-1200 Magnetos.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

21. Aircraft Ground Training:
Oil system
12 quart capacity, wet sump.
SMA Uses Aeroshell 100 Mineral Oil for Engine Break-in and Aeroshell W100 Ashless Dispersant Oil After Break-in.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

22. Aircraft Ground Training:
Fuel Control
Lycoming IO-540 series engines are equipped with either a Bendix type RS or RSA fuel injector. The fuel injection system schedules fuel flow in proportion to air flow and fuel vaporization takes place at the intake ports.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

23. Aircraft Ground Training:
Propeller
Most of SMA’s Aircraft are Equipped with Hartzell’s HC-C3YR-1RF/F7663R, 3 bladed constant speed propeller.
The propeller is controlled by a governor mounted at the left forward side of the crankcase. The governor is operated by a cable from the power control quadrant.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

24. Aircraft Ground Training:
Propeller
78 inch diameter 3-bladed aluminum hub propeller
2400 hour / 6 year TBO
71.6 pounds (propeller and spinner)
Diameter reduction allowable to 76 inches
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

25. Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems
C. Electrical

26. Aircraft Ground Training:
C. Electrical
Alternators
External power
Electrical system schematic
Buses
Circuit breakers
Fuses
Battery
Other standby power systems
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

27. Aircraft Ground Training:
The 14-volt electrical system includes a 12-volt battery for starting and to back up the alternator output.
Electrical power is supplied by a 60 ampere alternator.
The battery, a master switch relay, a voltage regulator and an overvoltage relay are located beneath the floor of the forward baggage compartment.
Standard electrical accessories include the starter, the electric fuel pump, the stall warning indicator, the cigar lighter, and the ammeter.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

28. Aircraft Ground Training:
Alternator
The alternator is located on the front lower right side of the engine and utilizes a belt drive from the engine crankshaft.
Many advantages both in operation and maintenance are derived from this system. The main advantage is that full electrical power output is available at lower engine RPM.
The alternator has no armature or commutator and only a small pair of carbon brushes, which make contact with a pair of copper slip rings. The alternating current is converted to direct current by diodes pressed into the end bell housing of the alternator.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

29. Aircraft Ground Training:
Alternator
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

30. Aircraft Ground Training:
Alternator (circuit breakers)
There are two circuit breakers marked "alternator"; one of which is marked "output" and the other "field."
The output circuit breaker is 60 amperes and its purpose is to protect the alternator and electrical system from overload.
The field circuit breaker for the voltage regulator and field wiring protection is 5 amperes.
If either of these breakers trip, it will result in a complete failure of power from the generating system.
After a one or two minute cool-down, they can be reset manually. If tripping recurs, holding the breakers down will not prevent their continued tripping, and indicates a breakdown of wiring or equipment in the generator circuit.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

31. Aircraft Ground Training:
Alternator (ammeter)
The ammeter displays the load in amperes placed on the alternator. It does not indicate the battery discharge.
With all electrical equipment off (except master), the ammeter will indicate the amount of charging current demanded by the battery. As each item of electrical equipment is turned on, the current will increase to a total appearing on the ammeter. This total includes the battery.
The maximum continues load for night flight, with radios on, is about 30 amperes. This 30 ampere value, plus approx. 2 amperes for a fully charged battery will appear continuously under these flight conditions.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

32. Aircraft Ground Training:
Alternator (Master Switch)
The master switch is a split switch with the left half operating the master relay and the right half energizing the alternator.
The switch is interlocked so that the alternator cannot be operated without the battery.
For normal operation, be sure that both halves are turned on.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

33. Aircraft Ground Training:
Alternator to Starter Circuit Diagram
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

34. Aircraft Ground Training:
External power
The receptacle is located on the left side of the nose section, just aft of the engine cowling. When used for engine starting or operation of the airplanes' other equipment, proceed as follows:
Set MASTER SWITCH to OFF.
Ensure that the RED lead of PEP (Piper External Power) kit jumper-cable is connected to the POSITIVE (+) terminal of an external 12-volt battery or a power cart and that the BLACK lead is connected to the NEGATIVE (-) terminal.
NOTE: If using an external battery and the airplane's battery is low or depleted, disconnect the airplane battery at the negative terminal to prevent excessive loading of the external battery.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

35. Aircraft Ground Training:
External power
Insert the plug of the jumper cable into the receptacle.
Set MASTER SWITCH to ON and proceed with NORMAL engine starting.
After starting engine, set the MASTER SWITCH to OFF and remove the jumper cable plug from the receptacle.
Set the MASTER SWITCH to ON and check the alternator ammeter for an indication of output.
WARNING: DO NOT ATTEMPT FLIGHT WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF ALTERNATOR OUTPUT.
NOTE: If the aircraft battery is weak, charging current will be high. Do not take off until charging current falls below 20 amperes. Do not take off with a completely discharged battery as three-volts are needed to excite the alternator.
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

36. Aircraft Ground Training:
Electrical system schematic
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

37. Aircraft Ground Training:
Battery
Gill G-35 12V Lead Acid Battery
Aircraft Ground Training:
Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

38. Written examination required

39. Completion of Paperwork
Student
Fill-out Student Feedback Form
Sign Training Record (if applicable)
Instructor
Sign Class Roster
Fill-out Instructor Feedback Form

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