1. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20101 Coordinating Controls across CREZ  What dials are available to the operators?  What are the hand-offs between the ISO and TO?  What does it take to implement controls in the field?

2. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20102 What dials are available to the operators?  Reactive Resources  Static vs Dynamic  Inductive vs Capacitive  Power Flow control  Line switching  Phase Shift Transformers  Series Capacitors

3. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20103 Syncro-Phasor Voltage (high wind production) DFW Angle Magnitude Houston Valley Mid/Ods Generation Power Flow

4. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20104 What are the hand-offs between the ISO and TO?  Traditional  Automatic Voltage Regulator with target kV  Power Flow Controller with target MW  Alternative Approach  Reactive Reserve targets  Real Power limits

5. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20105 What does it take to the implement controls?  Reserves  Local real and reactive systems must have head room to respond to disturbances  Anticipation  State Estimator predicts post-contingency conditions  Preemptive scheduling of set points, so that local control can regulate back into secure positions

6. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20106 Definitions for Reactive Reserve Controller  DRCS  Dynamic Reactive Compensation System —Automation to control static and variable reactive power devices as an integral system  SSD  Static Shunt Device —Fixed capacitor or reactor bank

7. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20107 DRCS Block Diagram – SVC/STATCOM

8. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20108 SSD Controller Terms  V DRCS  Voltage on bus regulated by dynamic device  V SSD  Voltage on bus with SSDs  Q DRCS  Reactive power output (± MVAR) of dynamic device  Increment  Increase reactive power to grid (e.g. close cap or trip reactor)  Decrement  Decrease reactive power to grid (e.g. trip cap or close reactor)

9. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 20109 SSD Controller Terms (continued)  Scheduled Voltage  Regulation setting for dynamic reactive device  Midpoint  Setting by operator for voltage or reactive power operation band  Bandwidth  Setting in the DRCS defining the high and low points of the band set

10. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 201010 What Determines SSD Switching?  Dynamic reactive output (Q DRCS ) outside of operating band for a set time (typically minutes) Q DRCS Increment set

11. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 201011 SSD Switching Pattern in McCamey area  Three DRCSs at Crane, Rio Pecos and Friend Ranch operate locally to switch capacitors and reactors, compensating for reactive power consumption caused by intermittent power from wind

12. American Electric Power Service Corporation Jan 26, 201012 Implementation of Real Power Controllers  Phase Shift Transformers  Bandwidth control around a set point  Series Capacitors  Bypass controller based on target range of power flow