1. Trade Facilitation, the Doha Round, and LDCs Nkululeko Khumalo 26 June, 2005 Livingstone, Zambia

2. Overview 1. What is Trade Facilitation 2. Importance of Trade Facilitation 3. Trade Facilitation and the DDA 4. The development dimension

3. What is Trade Facilitation? In WTO context: Focus on procedures in movement and release of goods Import, export and transit: simplify, reduce, standardise, modernise Strengthen and improve Article V, VIII and X of GATT Broader definitions cover resolving challenges posed by: Technical barriers to trade (TBT Agreement) Sanitary and Phytosanitary standards ( SPS Agreement)

4. Importance of Trade Facilitation 1. Benefits for Traders: Reduce the costs of trade transactions (US$300bn) Time savings – in sync with just in time culture Developing country enterprises and SMEs 2. Benefits for Governments: Improve revenue collection Maintain and improve customs control measures

5. Some Success Stories Trade procedures cost between 2-10% of trade value Costa Rica: border crossing delays reduced from 6days to 12mins Bangladesh 3days to 3hours Chile: US$ 5mn invested, US$ 1 mn saved per month Peru: Quadrupled revenue collected between 1995-2000

6. Trade Facilitation and the Doha Agenda Negotiation Issues General principles Transparency and appeal Import and export formalities Transit Technical assistance and capacity building

7. Trade Facilitation and the DDA cont. Application of principles of GATT/WTO Agreements Transparency Non-discrimination Least trade restrictiveness Use of international standards Development provisions

8. Trade Facilitation and the DDA cont. Transparency and appeal – improve GATT article X: Transparency of all customs laws and procedures Advance notification of changes Consultation Periodic review and consolidation of customs rules Customs appeal procedures

9. Trade Facilitation and the DDA cont. Import and export requirements: revamp GATT Article VIII: Reduce complexity and diversity of fees and formalities Notify, bind and reduce standard release times Introduce simplified customs release and clearance; automation Simplify and standardise data and documents Integrated border management and one-stop borders Risk assessment, and profiling of authorised traders

10. Trade Facilitation and the DDA cont. Transit – improve GATT Article V: Simplify transit rules, procedures and requirements: critical for landlocked LDCs Transit should be less complicated than import Fees and charges proportionate to cost of services provided

11. The Development Dimension Development provisions: The ‘July Framework Agreement’ firmly links commitments to a country’s capacity to implement Flexibilities and exemptions esp. for LDCs important ‘Contractual right provisions’ to capacity building and technical assistance needed. Proposed rules and commitments both resource - heavy and resource-light

12. The Development Dimension cont. GATT principles:non-discrimination, transparency – relatively resource light New technologies e.g automation – resource heavy WTO commitments therefore need resources Technical assistance holds the keys for success in negotiations

13. The Development Dimension cont. For success capacity building and technical assistance: Programmes must be tailored to individual country needs Ownership and active participation by recipient crucial Recipients should be the ones who identify and prioritise their needs. Cooperation between donors and recipient important.