1. Freedom at last…Now what?

2. Political Challenges  Many hoped for Democracy  Most were military regimes  dictatorships  Civil War  Random borders = rise in ethnic groups  Leads to violence, civil war, and genocide

3. Economic Challenges  Most choose capitalism or socialism  Face a lack of prosperity  1 crop or a single natural resource  Used for military  Increase in population  Weather (drought) = starvation  Increase in disease – AIDS  EQUALS POVERTY!

4. Social Challenges  Cities and culture impacted by western civ  Directed products of colonial rule  Modernization  High rise apartments  Wide boulevards  Movie theatres, neon lights, traffic jams  Problems in cities  Rural to urban migration for jobs = massive slums  Decrease in sanitation  Poor transportation  Increase in pollution

5. South Africa  ANC – African National Congress – 1912  Political party by local blacks  Purpose: Econ and political reform  Afrikaners  Descendants of the Dutch  Strengthen segregation laws  Result – Apartheid – Means Apartness  Protested by blacks  Non-violent – brutally repressed  Nelson Mandela  Popular leader for blacks  Went to prison for treason  Released and became President of SA

6. Rural Problems  West Civ had less of an impact  Lack of modern amenities  Ex – plumbing and electricity  Home to ¾ of the population  Traditional Economy  Farm, hunt, and raise livestock  Practice traditional beliefs