1. Before History Chapter 1

2. I. The Evolution of Homo Sapiens

3. I. The Evolution of Homo Sapiens cont’d 2. Homo-Erectus- upright walking human 2. Homo-Erectus- upright walking human a. sophisticated tools (choppers, scrapers) a. sophisticated tools (choppers, scrapers) b. start and tend fires b. start and tend fires c. communicate complex ideas c. communicate complex ideas 3. Migrations of Homo-Erectus 3. Migrations of Homo-Erectus a. control of natural environment b. move to N. Africa and Eurasia 2mil years ago

4. I. The Evolution of Homo Sapiens cont’d.

5. 2. Migrations of Homo Sapiens 2. Migrations of Homo Sapiens a. adapt to various conditions a. adapt to various conditions b. spread through Africa, Europe, and Asia. b. spread through Africa, Europe, and Asia. c. Including Indonesia and New Guinea c. Including Indonesia and New Guinea 3. The Peopling of the World 3. The Peopling of the World a. Came into America through Siberian Link a. Came into America through Siberian Link b. Remarkable Accomplishment b. Remarkable Accomplishment

6. I. The Evolution of Homo Sapiens cont’d. 3. The Natural Environment 3. The Natural Environment a. Homo Sapiens used their intelligence, tools, and language to exploit their natural environment. a. Homo Sapiens used their intelligence, tools, and language to exploit their natural environment.

7. Global Migrations of Hominids

8. II. Paleolithic Society

9. II. Paleolithic Society cont’d c. Egalitarian existence c. Egalitarian existence d. Social distinctions arose differently though. d. Social distinctions arose differently though. 2. Relative Gender Equality 2. Relative Gender Equality a. All members led to survival. a. All members led to survival. b. Men traveled on hunting expeditions b. Men traveled on hunting expeditions c. Women/children gathered edible plantation. c. Women/children gathered edible plantation. d. Interdependence probably did not lead to gender role domination. d. Interdependence probably did not lead to gender role domination.

10. II. Paleolithic Society cont’d e. small bands (20-30) e. small bands (20-30) f. did not wander, timed movements based on seasonal movements of plants and animals. 3. Big-Game Hunting 3. Big-Game Hunting a. Special Tools b. Disguises c. Fires/Disturbances

11. II. Paleolithic Society cont’d. 4. Paleolithic Settlements 4. Paleolithic Settlements a. Few people left nomadic lifestyles b. Natufian society (Mediterranean, wheat & animals) c. Jomon society (C. Japan, buckweat & fishing) d. Chinook society (NW of N.America, berries, acorns & salmon)

12. II. Paleolithic Society cont’d.

13. 2. The Creativity of Homo Sapiens 2. The Creativity of Homo Sapiens a. Intellectual success in communication of complex ideas. a. Intellectual success in communication of complex ideas. b. Venus Figurine b. Venus FigurineVenus FigurineVenus Figurine c. Cave Paintings c. Cave PaintingsCave PaintingsCave Paintings

14. III. The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture

15. III. The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture cont’d. 3. Gender Relations and Agriculture 3. Gender Relations and Agriculture a. Female familiarity w/plant cycles, nurturing. a. Female familiarity w/plant cycles, nurturing. 4. Independent Inventions of Agriculture 4. Independent Inventions of Agriculture a. Cultivation & Domestication emerges in various parts of the world. a. Cultivation & Domestication emerges in various parts of the world. 5. The Early Spread of Agriculture 5. The Early Spread of Agriculture a. Agriculture spreads rapidly; slash & burn (east & west hemispheres) a. Agriculture spreads rapidly; slash & burn (east & west hemispheres) b. Food spreads through out the world w/merchants, migrants & travelers (ex. Wheat) b. Food spreads through out the world w/merchants, migrants & travelers (ex. Wheat)

16. III. The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture cont’d

17. III. The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture cont’d. 3. Pottery 3. Pottery a. store food a. store food b. artistic expression b. artistic expression c. practical utensils c. practical utensils 4. Metalworking 4. Metalworking a. Earliest metal: copper a. Earliest metal: copper b. jewelry b. jewelry c. simple tools c. simple tools

18. III. The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture cont’d. d. smelting created tools (knives, axes, hoes & weapons). d. smelting created tools (knives, axes, hoes & weapons). 5. Textile Production 5. Textile Production a. Selective breeding  plants/ animals  excellent fibers b. Women wove fibers 6. Social Distinctions & Social Inequality 6. Social Distinctions & Social Inequality a. Settlements = people to gain wealth b. Private property

19. III. The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture cont’d.

20. b. Specialized workers b. Specialized workers c. Complex institutions (gov’t, schools) c. Complex institutions (gov’t, schools) d. religion d. religion e. record keeping e. record keeping