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Sparta and Athens Chapter 7-2
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Forms of government First, nobles ruled Second, tyrants – someone who takes power by force (had the backing of the common people) Then – Oligarchy – a small group of people have power Last – democracy – all citizens share the power of the government
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Sparta Founded by Dorians Did not set up colonies Conquered and enslaved people ***Helots – the conquered slaves (captive worker)
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Sparta ***Military(boys and men) –Boys left for military barracks at age 7 –Men entered regular army at age 20 –Men were allowed to return home at age 30 –Men stayed in the army until age 60
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Phalanx
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Hoplite
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Sparta Women –Trained in sports –Kept fit to become healthy mothers –Ran the house while husband was away in the army –Could own property
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Sparta Government – Oligarchy ***led by two kings ***Council of elders – 28 citizens over the age of 60 –Assembly – all Spartan men Voted in laws Chose the 5 ephors who enforced laws and managed taxes
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Sparta Did not encourage foreign visitors Banned travel to other city-states
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Sparta Because they spent so much energy and time on military, they fell behind other Greeks in trade, math, science, etc.
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Athens ***Schools for boys –Reading –Writing –Math –Sports –music
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Athens Girls –Stayed home with their mothers –Learned household duties –Wealthy girls learned reading, writing, music
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Athens Government –600’s B.C. – Oligarchy –594 B.C. – ***Solon took over Canceled farmers’ debts Freed slaves Allowed all citizens to be in the assembly
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Solon
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Athens Government –Peisistratus-560 B.C. Divided large estates among poor farmers Loaned money to poor Gave poor jobs
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Athens Government ***Cleisthenes 508 B.C. Assembly members could vote on laws Reorganized the assembly Could hear court cases Created new council of 500 citizens picked by lottery Credited with creating the democracy
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Athena
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