2. 1. Before Civilization The Earth and Its Peoples Part I – The Emergence of Human Communities to 500 BC A. Origins of Agriculture  1 st River Valley Civs (8000BC – 1500BC) Who’s comin’ to my cave party next full moon? Everybody must get stoned!

3. Definitions Civilization – settled agricultural life + social, economic, & technological traitsCivilization – settled agricultural life + social, economic, & technological traits EX: city centers, territory, specialized jobs, wealth status, monument building, record-keeping, trade, interest in science/art Culture – learned patterns of action & expression passed onCulture – learned patterns of action & expression passed on EX: dwellings, clothing, tools/crafts, values/beliefs, languages History – development, transmission, & transformation of cultural practices & eventsHistory – development, transmission, & transformation of cultural practices & events

4. The Neolithic Age Old Stone AgeOld Stone Age 2 millionBC-8000BC2 millionBC-8000BC Stone weapons/toolsStone weapons/tools Hunter-gatherersHunter-gatherers NomadicNomadic Use of FireUse of Fire The Paleolithic Age New Stone AgeNew Stone Age 8000BC-2500BC8000BC-2500BC AgriculturalAgricultural Animal DomesticationAnimal Domestication Sedentary SettlementSedentary Settlement Pastoralism (herd-keeping)Pastoralism (herd-keeping) Holocene Era – period of global warming since last Ice Age (9000BC- present)Holocene Era – period of global warming since last Ice Age (9000BC- present)

5. Agricultural Revolution – change from food gathering to food producing societies worldwideAgricultural Revolution – change from food gathering to food producing societies worldwide about (8000BC) about (8000BC) Definition Baaaah. I have a question. How did animals like me become domesticated? Tame, I mean? Check it. Our ancestors likely grazed more and more near human settlements since they drove away predators. We also ate their crops. Humans then selected the best of us to breed, and well….we became captive animals and a food source for them. I gotta be moooovin’ out.

6. Life in a Neolithic community Hunter-gatherers were displaced, killed off, or absorbed by farming populationsHunter-gatherers were displaced, killed off, or absorbed by farming populations Marriage  KinshipMarriage  Kinship Lineage/Clans – kinship units tied to land claimsLineage/Clans – kinship units tied to land claims Matrilineal vs. Patrilineal Ancestry:Matrilineal vs. Patrilineal Ancestry: Women revered for giving birth / men for physical ability Gods: Earth Mother, Sky God, elemental deitiesGods: Earth Mother, Sky God, elemental deities Megaliths – giant stone arrangements (religious)Megaliths – giant stone arrangements (religious) EX: Stonehenge 1 st cities – Jericho, Catal Huyuk (trade centers)1 st cities – Jericho, Catal Huyuk (trade centers)

7. Jericho Stonehenge

8.  Knowledge Checkpoint 1 1.What is the fundamental difference between Paleoltihic and Neolithic societies? 2.How do animals becomes tame? 3.What are 2 characteristics of life in a Neolithic community?