1. GROUNDWATER – ITS LOCALES AND FEATURES Chapter 2, Part 2 of Notes

2. How does water get there? 1. Infiltration & percolation of precipitation 2. Magma coming to Earths surface releases trapped moisture as well Groundwater – any water located in the grounds pore space between rock and soil http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/le gacy/college/strahler/0471238007/animatio ns/ch16_animations/animation1.htmlwww3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/le gacy/college/strahler/0471238007/animatio ns/ch16_animations/animation1.html

3. What factors affect groundwater? 1. Porosity – the % or amount of pore space b/w the various particles that comprise the soil 2. Permeability – rock and soils ability to allow water to pass through it or not

4. Where can groundwater be found? zone of aeration zone of saturation water table aquifer wells artesian wells springs geysers Why does groundwater matter to us? How do we use it? Do we overuse the groundwater? Are we responsible for groundwater?

5. Zone of aeration – upper area of ground full of air in pore space (area above the water table)

6. Zone of saturation – lower area of ground full of water in the pore space (area below the water table

7. Water table – line b/w the 2 zones, very top of the groundwater supply (constantly changing!)

8. Aquifer – layer of impermeable rock that lets water flow beneath it

9. Well, hmm, how do wells work? Well - deep source of groundwater (electricity required) Artesian well – free flowing water, due to being trapped b/w 2 rock layers

11. Water that spring forth! Springs - in hilly areas, where the w.t. meets Earths surface (most are cold) Hot springs – underground spring that is heated by magma near Earths surface (very theraputic)

13. … from North Carolina to Japan to Yellowstone

14. Geyser – a periodically erupting hot spring http://www.classzone.com/books/ear th_science/terc/content/visualization s/es1403/es1403page01.cfm?chapt er_no=visualization http://www.nps.gov/yell/photosmultimedia/u gb_geysers.htm

15. WHAT CAN GROUNDWATER CREATE? Awesome groundwater features!

16. Caves – underground opening formed by acidic groundwater that dissolves limestone

17. Papoose Room and Witchs Finger of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico

18. Sinkholes – depression formed when the roof of a cave that is near Earths surface collapses

19. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http:// www.uwec.edu/jolhm/eh/below/Images/sinkhol e%2520BIG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uwec.ed u/jolhm/eh/below/Matt%2520Below%2520- %2520GEOG%2520361- sinkhole.htm&usg=__f_TSpVbvOWE3aZz81m QwJvp8ztg=&h=333&w=540&sz=41&hl=en&st art=12&um=1&tbnid=peHxUrEOa4yPMM:&tbn h=81&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsink hole%2B%2Bimages%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D 1T4TSHA_enUS317%26sa%3DG%26um%3D 1

20. http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagra ms/groundwater/index.html Overall review of groundwater

21. DOES WATER HAVE ISSUES? Essential concerns of our freshwater supplies!

22. What are the three main types of flooding events? Traditional – due 2 much rains & snow melt, seasonal, expected in spring Coastal – due 2 coastal storms & events such as hurricanes and tsunamis, have warning Flash – due 2 sudden heavy rain, a quick change in weather, or natural/manmade dam/levee breaks, end up most costly & deadly b/c of no warning Flooding – when the w.t. is above ground and 0 percolation occurs

24. NOW YOU ARE IN THE KNOW, SO PROTECT THE GROUNDWATER DOWN BELOW… http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/waterandla nd/groundwater/education/animation.aspx