1. Introduction to XML Eugenia Fernandez IUPUI

2. What is XML? From the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is the universal format for structured documents and data on the web. It is a tag-based markup language that both describes data and is used to create markup languages for specific contexts.

3. XML-derived Markup Languages Open Financial Exchange (OFX) XML/EDI Markup for Electronic Data Interchange Resource Description Framework Markup for describing data about data (metadata) for cataloging and search purposes Chemical markup Language (CML) Wireless Markup Language (WML)

4. A Document Contains Data Structure Presentation XML Style sheets (CSS, XSL)

5. Unstructured vs. Structured Data diluvio m. Inundación causada por lluvias copiosas. Lluvia muy copiosa. Unstructured diluvio m. Inundación causada por lluvias copiosas. Lluvia muy copiosa. Structured

6. History of XML SGML (Standard Generalization Markup Language) was developed as a way to express data in electronic texts XML is simplified subset of SGML, designed to work across a limited- bandwidth network such as the Internet. XML is in process of being standardized. It is currently at the recommendation stage.

7. XML vs. HTML 101 Main St. Chicago, IL 60661 101 Main St. Chicago IL 60661 HTML = presentation format XML = structured content

8. Why XML? Readable format Distribute data to any machine on any platform Easily combine multiple sources of data Easier way to do data interchange between applications

9. Benefits of Using XML Describes content and structure Both machine- and human- readable Separates content from display Well-formed, follows rules Can be validated Open and extensible One source – multiple formats

10. Conversion One Source – Multiple Formats Separating data from presentation and processing frees the data from any one use Data becomes "use neutral" XML HTML PDF XML

11. Processing XML into HTML XSL Stylesheet XSL Processor HTML Document XML Document

12. Processing XML to XML XSL Stylesheet XSL Processor New XML Document XML Document

13. How XML Can Be Used Enable business-to-business communication Enable smart agents Enable smart searches XML data can be manipulated by the browser reducing server & network load

14. A Few XML Technologies Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Extensible Style Language (XSL) XML Document Transformation (renamed XSLT) XPath, a pattern matching syntax XSLFO, a formatting object interpretation, for printing XML Pointer Language (XPointer) and XML Linking Language (XLink) Document Type Definition (DTD) XML Schemas (XSD)

15. Contents of XML Document Processing instructions Comments Elements Root Element Child Element Empty Element Attributes Text John Smith jsmith@home.com

16. XML Data is Hierarchical John Smith jsmith@home.com student name full_time email type John Smith jsmith@home.com home

17. Well-formed Documents Contain single root element Match open and close tags Consistent capitalization Correctly nested elements All attributes enclosed in quotes No repeating attributes in an element

18. Validation of XML Documents Ensures that document is grammatically correct Validation done via Document Type Definition (DTD) XML Schema

19. References MSDN DevSeries, Web 105: Introduction to XML Microsoft Class Pack: Building XML- Based Web Applications, Module 1: Overview of XML Documents XML Seminar at Quilogy, May 9, 2001 Introduction to XML, a Barnes & Noble University Online Course