1. Spanish American War Events of the War & The Post War Period “A Splendid Little War” ~ Sec. of State John Hay

2. The War Begins Theodore Roosevelt – –Assistant Secretary of the Navy –Cabled Dewey w/ order to attack Spanish Fleet in Philippines if war broke out Manila Bay (May 1, 1898) –Dewey’s squadron of 6 new warships launches surprise attack –Spanish fleet of 10 destroyed (old, wooden, rotting) –400 Spanish Casualties –No U.S. battle casualties (1 from sunstroke) Results –Major U.S. victory –Dewey has to wait for troops before invasion –With help of Filipino rebels, Manila is captured in August

3. TR & the “Rough Riders” Theodore Roosevelt –Resigns as Asst. Sec. of Navy –Organizes “Rag Tag” Volunteer Regiment –Mostly cowboys, but some wealthy thrill seekers, convicts, etc. –Achieved rank of Lt. Colonel –Bending of rules? glasses

4. War in Cuba American fleet set up naval blockade of Cuba –Spanish fleet of 10 sent (old, rotting) U.S. Ground Forces –Land outside of Santiago –July 1, 1898 Battle of San Juan Hill –TR & Rough Riders (along with “Buffalo” Soldiers charged up hill (no horses) Battle of El Caney –Both U.S. victories Spanish Navy –Caught in Harbor, U.S. sinks every ship Puerto Rico –With victory in sight, US moves to occupy Spanish controlled island August 12, 1898 – Spanish sign armistice ending the fighting

5. Results & Treaty U.S. Readiness for War –Understaffed, unorganized, untrained, poorly equipped, not enough food –BUT – Spanish even less prepared U.S. Casualties –400 in battle –5,000 to disease (malaria, typhoid, dysentery, yellow fever) Treaty of Paris –Point of Contention – Philippines –U.S. receives Cuban independence Islands of Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines –Spain receives: $20 Million

6. Puerto Rico, Cuba, & the Philippines After the War Puerto Rico –Becomes U.S. protectorate –Set up civil gov’t – gradually give more control to Puerto Ricans –1917 – given American citizenship –Statehood in future? Cuba –Installed military gov’t Helped modernize nation –New Constitution (1901) Platt Amendment – Gave U.S. a military base (Guantanamo), land restrictions, & more Philippines –Annexed by U.S. Filipinos thought U.S. would treat them as Cuba –Jan 23, 1899 Declared independence Emilio Aguinaldo elected President –Americans send reinforcements Fighting former allies 2 years of harsh guerilla fighting –March 23, 1901 – rebellion put down after capturing Aguinaldo Philippines get independence - July 4, 1946

7. Filipino Insurrection (1)

8. Filipino Insurrection (2)

9. Filipino Insurrection (3)

10. Spanish-American War VS. Iraq War What are some similarities or differences between the 2 wars in the time: –Leading up to the War? How/why we got involved, role of the media, etc. –During the fighting of the war? U.S preparedness, success/length of war, etc. –After the war? Gains, handling of territories, problems with occupation, etc.