1. RTD8: Taking Responsibility – Achieving Change Monitoring & Reporting Tourism Carbon Emissions Rachel Dunk (r.dunk@mmu.ac.uk) Steven Gillespie, Jacob Pryor, Josh Thomas ICARB (www.icarb.org)

2. “If you want me to do things only for ROI reasons, you should get out of this stock.” Tim Cook, Feb 2014

4. Why Manage Carbon? 4 Protecting the Environment2.5 Sustainability2.6 Reducing Carbon Emissions2.8 Reducing Costs3.6 Corporate Social Responsibility4.5 Retaining / Winning Business5.0 1-6 1-5 1-6 2 1 3-4 2 5 6 Av RRangeModeReason

5. Business Drivers 5 Reducing Operating Costs2% Meeting Customer Expectations4% Personal Interest9% Public Relations: Good Neighbours12% Competitive Advantage18% Meeting Membership Criteria27% 44% 43% 61% 50% 55% 54% 52% 47% 28% 33% 18% NMSMReason Complying with Company Policy22%42%37% Complying with Regulations31%54%14% 90% of respondents were or had been members of GTBS

6. Do Customers Care? 6 Price1.9 Comfort2.6 Safety2.9 Distance3.1 Environmental Impact4.4 1-5 1 3 4 3 5 RankRangeModeFactor

7. 7 7 How do we fill the bucket of care?

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9. Rules & Tools for Carbon Accounting 9 What does this animal look like?

10. Carbon Accounting Criteria 10 Robustness1.5 Accuracy of Accounting1.5 Justifiability1.7 Meeting Mandatory Standards1.8 Reporting to Stakeholders/Funders1.8 Public Reporting1.8 1-3 1-4 1-3 1-4 1 1 1 1 2 2 AveRangeModeCriteria Internal Decision Making1.81-42 Externally Verified2.21-52 1: Very 2: Important 3: Moderately 4: Slightly 5: Not at all Meeting Voluntary Standards2.31-52

11. Carbon Accounting Aspects 11 Easy to Apply1.3 Changes over Time1.5 Direction of Change1.6 Comparison to Benchmark1.6 Evaluate Actions1.7 Evaluate Behaviour Change1.8 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-3 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 AveRangeModeCriteria Magnitude of Change1.91-42 Comparison within Sector2.01-42 Comparison across Organisations2.21-42 1: Very 2: Important 3: Moderately 4: Slightly 5: Not at all

12. Accounting & Reporting Tool  Staged approach – to encourage early adoption  Provide simple method for identifying significant emissions  For different business types, pre-identified likely significant sources – qualify out rather than qualify in  Depending on level of significance  tiered estimation methods  Not require ‘pre-work’ – i.e. allow for a range of different types of activity data to be used as inputs  Track business performance and give intensity measures  Allow automatic benchmarking & reporting 12

13. A Proposal for Alignment  Conduct attribute analysis of existing standards and certification schemes  Create ‘wish list’ of carbon accounting tool attributes  Industry validation of ‘wish list’ through consultation  Conduct analysis of existing tools – assess ability to track and report on desired attributes  Share results publicly - provides opportunity for all tool authors to incorporate changes / align with industry needs  Central certification? Formal alignment to a core standard? 13

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