1. By: Tapan Shah

2. Second Law 1824: Origin of second law can be traced back to a French physicist, Sadi Carnot. Originally formulated as a statement about the efficiency of heat engines. Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

3. Second Law The entropy of a system which is not in equilibrium will tend to increase overtime approaching a maximum value of equilibrium. Entropy of a closed system is always positive.

4. Heat Death Hermann von Helmholtz (1856): “The universe is dying.”

5. Heat Death Universe reaches a state of maximum entropy. Final state of the universe Universe will approach absolute zero Will take approximately 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000,000,0 00,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000 Years. (10 102 )