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Published byMoris Powers Modified over 9 years ago
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Energy! Big Idea #2: Energy is needed to do stuff.
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Big Idea #2 Biological Systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis
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Essential Knowledge 2A1: All living systems require constant input of free energy.
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Energy Ability to do something (i.e. move) 2 general types: – Potential energy- stored energy – Kinetic energy – moving energy
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Potential vs. Kinetic Energy Resting objects Nuclear Hydroelectic (water behind a dam) Food Moving objects Radiation (light particles/waves) Thermal (heat) Electrical (movement of electrons)
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1 st Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be created nor destroyed May change from one form to another Ex: Solar Energy Chemical Energy
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2 nd Law of Thermodynamics No rxn is 100% efficient lose energy Systems spontaneously increase entropy (disorder)
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Entropy Amount of energy in an unusable form – usually heat Is always increasing b/c systems are always losing usable forms of energy
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Biologically Speaking… Living orgs require an energy input. Ex: orgs must get energy from sun, deep thermal vents, or eating Remember 10% Rule !
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Order and Organization Require Energy Things naturally break down – to keep them from breaking down or to put them together requires an input of energy
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Energy Coupling Processes that release energy are coupled to ones that require an input of energy More energy must be released than is required
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Example Flexing a muscle requires an energy input and breaking down food releases energy (ATP). Do You Have Any Band Aids?
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Exergonic Reactions Release free energy Used in living things to provide energy for other processes
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The Most Significant Exergonic Reaction ATP + H 2 O ADP + Pi + Energy
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Making ATP is an Endergonic Reaction Requires an input of energy Made in cellular respiration (input of chemical energy in food)
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Uses of Free Energy Maintain body temp (some organisms)/Internal temp regulation Reproduction Growth Movement
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Body Temp Regulation Endothermy: Use heat released by metabolic reactions to keep a stable temp Ex: Humans 98.6⁰
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Body Temp Regulation Ectothermy: Use external sources to try to maintain body temp. Ex: snakes/reptiles
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Reproduction Requires a huge amount of energy Many species only reproduce when energy is available – I.e. most plants flower in spring when sunlight energy is abundant
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Growth Extra free energy not needed for cellular processes (movement and reproduction) can be put to growth Ex: extra calories become stored fat
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Energy Deprivation Mass is broken down to provide energy No energy input = death RIP Tako
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Smaller Organisms Require More Food Per Body Mass Smaller orgs have more surface area to volume lose more heat… must replenish that energy loss by eating more
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The Trophic Levels Energy goes up food chain At every level energy is being lost due to entropy.
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So…less energy available for high levels of food chain Rarely enough energy to support more than 3-4 levels on a food chain
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Energy on an Ecological Level The more energy available for a population, the more it will grow Ex: rain forests have most abundant plant life – constant energy source
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Energy Doesn’t Cycle!!!!!!
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