1. Cosmic Order and Disorder Dr. Green

2. Symmetries At the Beginning of the Universe Currently  Conservation laws At the End of the Universe

3. Symmetries at the Beginning of the Universe The universe began in thermal and chemical equilibrium. The universe had more symmetry (homogeneity) at its beginning Our universe is thought to have begun as an infinitesimally small, infinitely hot, infinitely dense, something.

4. Gravitational Singularity all physical laws are indistinguishable from one another, space and time are merged indistinguishably and cease to have any independent meaning. finite matter is actually squished into infinite density matter is forcibly compressed to a point (a space-like singularity)

5. Something from Nothing? "that moment [of the Big Bang] there was nothing; during and after that moment there was something." "Prior to the singularity, nothing existed, not space, time, matter, or energy - nothing."

6. Before the Big Bang There was a contracting universe with similar space- time geometry to our expanding universe. The universe collapsed and then “bounced” as the Big Bang. As gravitational forces pulled this previous universe inward, it reached a point at which the quantum properties of space-time cause gravity to become repulsive, rather than attractive.

7. Symmetries at the End of the Universe heat death=maximum entropy  no energy flows  all energy gradients have been extinguished

8. Entropy Disorder in the universe must always increase Burning gasoline  start of with a liquid that contains atoms arranged in long chains - fairly ordered.  When we burn it, we create a lot of heat water vapor and carbon dioxide.

9. Entropy Small gaseous molecules are more disordered. They can assume more positions relative to one another than the long-chain molecules can. Heat increases the motion of surrounding particles, making them more disorderly

10. Symmetry Breaking Four dimensions out of the ten Matter-anti-matter imbalance Binding forces  strong force for protons and neutrons  electromagnetic force for protons and electrons imperfect universe-asymmetrical  cracks developed into galaxies  gravity forces of attraction  gas-->clouds-->galaxies-->stars

11. The End Big Crunch  loses complexity Big Rip  loses coherence Big Chill  loses energy

12. Crunch vs. Chill dark matter-attraction dark energy-repulsive  acceleration-parabolic shape

13. Order vs Disorder Heat (kinetic energy)=randomness Forces pushing things together Forces pushing things apart Forces pulling things apart Forces pulling things together The ultimate tendency of the universe is toward disorder.