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Office of Air and Radiation Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities July 2006
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Innovative Programs Trading and economic incentives CAIR, CAMR Acid Rain/NOx Budget Program Voluntary Partnerships Energy Star, Climate Leaders,… Tools for Schools,… Clean Schoolbus USA, Smart Way,… Community-based programs, CARE (e.g. Charlotte, Cleveland) Information-based programs -- e.g. AIRNOW, E-GRID, Green Vehicle Guide, PSAs Early use of advanced technology -- e.g. low sulfur fuels, diesel retrofits, fuel cells, renewables Regulatory flexibility – e.g., Early Action Compacts, Banking and Trading programs for engine manufacturers
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The Air & Radiation Program The Federal Role Economic, air quality, and policy analysis Set national standards with states/locals/tribes implementing e.g., NAAQS, toxic air pollutants Help states/locals/tribes attain standards with national programs e.g., vehicle emission standards, acid rain program Partner with Indian Tribes e.g., CAA treats tribes like states Provide tools for states, locals, tribes, and others e.g., emission models, guidance, & grants Global program e.g., stratospheric ozone, climate
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4 Economic Growth and Emissions Decline
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Power Plants are Significant Contributors to Public Health and Environmental Challenges Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides * Other stationary combustion includes residential and commercial sources. Mercury Electric Power (63%) Electric Power (22%) Electric Power (37%) Transportation Miscellaneous Electric power Other stationary combustion * Industrial Processing
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Clear Skies Act: Caps and Timing 69%15 (2018) 26 (2010) 48Mercury (tons) 67%1.7 million (2018) 2.1 million (2008) 5 millionNitrogen Oxides (tons) 73%3 million (2018) 4.5 million (2010) 11 millionSulfur Dioxide (tons) Total Reductions at Full Implementation Phase 2 Cap Phase 1 CapEmissions (2000)
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Major Reductions in SO 2 Emissions and Acid Rain SO 2 emissions from power plants down by 5.5 million tons since 1990 Acid rain reduced by 25 – 40% Wet Sulfate Deposition Average 1989 - 1991 Wet Sulfate Deposition Average 2000 – 2002 10.2 Million Tons of SO 2 Actual Emissions Final Cap 15.7 10.2 17.3 8.95 11.2 11.9
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Air Toxic Emissions 1990-2007
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Mercury Challenges Nationally 60% of the mercury falling on the U.S. is coming from current U.S. man-made sources Internationally Mercury is transported regionally and globally Reducing deposition in the U.S. to acceptable levels requires collaboration between the U.S. and other countries to reduce emissions
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Ozone Layer Protection Progress On track to save 6.3 M US lives and avoid 299 M non- fatal skin cancer and 27.5 M cataract incidences
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President’s goal to improve GHG intensity by 18% by 2012 (GHG intensity = tons of GHG/$GDP) EPA's programs contribute: 45 mmtce* annually to intensity improvement goal by 2012 An additional 75 mmtce from sustained growth programs as reflected in the Administration’s baseline Climate Change: EPA Programs Produce Results Critical to Meeting President’s Goal * MMTCE = million metric tons of carbon equivalent
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12 WSSD Partnership for Clean Indoor Air Launched by EPA and partners at WSSD in 2002 3.2 billion people use solid fuels for energy -- # growing Over 1.6 million deaths per year 4 th worst health risk in poor developing countries (#11 overall) PCIA now has over 120 global partners 10 Pilot Projects in Asia, Africa, and Latin America Reduce indoor smoke by 50-80% Reduce fuel use by 50% or more Demonstrate effective approaches, share lessons, and scale up
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13 WSSD Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles WHO estimates urban air pollution leads to 800,000 premature deaths/year In 2002, 88 countries still used lead in gasoline Vehicles often contribute over 50% of urban air pollution. PCFV now has over 80 partners from 32 countries China: working with SEPA, Beijing EPB & others Low sulfur fuels policy Beijing diesel retrofit project Advanced technologies and compliance strategies Also active in Africa, Mexico, and Central America Sub-Saharan Africa is has now phased out leaded gasoline Sharing information and technologies with 81 countries
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Recently Enacted Legislation Energy Bill Address MTBE issue Establish an EPA – implemented Renewable fuels program Clean school bus program Anti-truck idling program Transportation Bill Re-authorizes CMAQ Program New flexibility on transportation conformity
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