1. BUILDING AMERICA’S FUTURE TOGETHER: IMMIGRATION REFORMS By Reuben S. Seguritan 450 7th Avenue, Suite 1400 New York, NY 10123 212-695-5281 www.seguritan.com 4 th Annual NaFFAA Eastern Regional Biennial Conference Stamford, Connecticut November 3, 2007

2. Nation of Immigrants I. Immigration has fueled the population growth of America since colonial days. A. 1790 census recorded 2.4 million Europeans and 700,000 Africans. B. Volume of immigration from 1820 to 2006 (USCIS Statistics Yearbook): B. Volume of immigration from 1820 to 2006 (USCIS Statistics Yearbook): 19,123,606 from 1820 to 1900 19,123,606 from 1820 to 1900 46,965,835 from 1901 to 2000 46,965,835 from 1901 to 2000 6,168,320 from 2001 to 2006 6,168,320 from 2001 to 2006

3. C. Asian immigration from 1820 to 2006 totaled 11,568,965 D. Top 3 countries for 2006 were: Mexico - 173,753Mexico - 173,753 China - 87,345China - 87,345 Philippines - 74,607Philippines - 74,607

4. II. Immigrants came to America for economic reasons or to escape from religious persecution and political turmoil.

5. Building America I. Immigrants provided cheap labor to build its infrastructure and develop agriculture. A. Chinese, starting in 1850s, built the western segment of transcontinental railroad. B. Japanese arrived in 1890s to work in the farms. C. Filipinos came in early 1900s to work in Hawaiian plantations, California farms and Alaskan canneries.

6. II.Immigrants hastened growth of America’s big cities. A. In early 1900s, population was concentrated in the small towns. B. Immigrants settled in big cities and comprised 3/4 of their total population. C. Immigrants worked in factories and spurred industrialization.

7. III. Immigrants provided much needed professional services starting in 1965. A.Filipino and Indian doctors and nurses provided health services. A.Filipino and Indian doctors and nurses provided health services. Filipino physicians now numbering over 20,000 is second to Indians among foreign trained. (American Medical Association) Filipino physicians now numbering over 20,000 is second to Indians among foreign trained. (American Medical Association) Filipino nurses are largest among foreign- educated, 75% in 1980s and 43% in 2000. Filipino nurses are largest among foreign- educated, 75% in 1980s and 43% in 2000. Filipino dentists comprise 11% of foreign- trained and second in number. Filipino dentists comprise 11% of foreign- trained and second in number.

8. B. When the national origin quota system was abolished in 1965, other professionals such as teachers, accountants and engineers immigrated to work in schools, businesses and manufacturing plants. other professionals such as teachers, accountants and engineers immigrated to work in schools, businesses and manufacturing plants. III.Aside from their services, immigrants brought with them their culture, religion, political traditions and moral values.

9. Keeping America’s Competitive Edge I.Over the last 15 years, immigrants founded 25% of US public companies with market capitalization of over $500 billion and 47% of private companies. (National Venture Capital Corporation) A. These include Intel, Google, Yahoo, Sun Microsystems and Ebay.

10. B.Asian-owned businesses employ over 2.2 million and earn over $326 billion. Over 125,000 businesses are Filipino-owned and employ 132,000 with revenues of $14.2 billion. (2002 U.S. Economic Census) Over 125,000 businesses are Filipino-owned and employ 132,000 with revenues of $14.2 billion. (2002 U.S. Economic Census) C.Over 1.6 million Hispanic businesses generate income of $222 billion. (U.S. Census Bureau)

11. II. Immigrants have played a critical role in America’s technological advancement. A.They account for 21% of computer and mathematical workforce and 24% of physical and life scientists. B.Over a third of the Nobel Prize winners in science over the last 15 years are foreign-born.

12. C. 24.2% of all international patent applications in 2006 were filed by them. D. Over 50% of all science, technology, engineering and mathematics graduates of U.S. universities are D. Over 50% of all science, technology, engineering and mathematics graduates of U.S. universities are foreign-born. foreign-born.

13. America in the Future I.America’s population trend indicates decline of labor participation. (2005 Report of American Immigration Law Foundation) A. By 2012, the number of workers, age 55 and over, is projected to increase by 49.3% compared to 5.1% among those 25-54. B. Fertility rate by 2015-2020 projected to fall below replacement level by 1.91 per woman. C. Baby boomers will start retiring in 2011, thus reducing total workforce.

14. II.America’s demand for workers will significantly increase. A.21.3 million new jobs will be created by 2020. Manufacturers will have shortage of 10 million by 2020 (National Association of Manufacturers)Manufacturers will have shortage of 10 million by 2020 (National Association of Manufacturers) Healthcare industry will have 3.5 million shortage by 2012.Healthcare industry will have 3.5 million shortage by 2012.

15. B.Baby boomer retirement will create serious labor shortage in education, public administration, transportation and health. (Bureau of Labor Statistics) C.If productivity rate of 3% continues and population trend maintained, there will be an estimated labor shortage of 35 million in 25-30 years. (Employment Policy Foundation Report)

16. III. Immigration will be vital source of needed workers. III. Immigration will be vital source of needed workers. A. Alan Greenspan has recommended increase of immigration to ease labor shortage.

17. Need for Immigration Reform I.More temporary visas needed to attract essential workers. II.Increase in immigrant visa numbers in both family-based and employment-based categories is needed to ease if not erase backlog.

18. III.Path to permanent residence should be provided to the estimated 12 million undocumented.

19. A. Number of undocumented population in 2006 for top ten countries. (DHS Office of Immigration Statistics) A. Number of undocumented population in 2006 for top ten countries. (DHS Office of Immigration Statistics) Mexico – 6,570,000Mexico – 6,570,000 El Salvador – 510,000El Salvador – 510,000 Guatemala – 430,000Guatemala – 430,000 Philippines – 280,000Philippines – 280,000 Honduras – 280,000Honduras – 280,000 India – 270,000India – 270,000 Korea – 250,000Korea – 250,000 Brazil – 210,000Brazil – 210,000 China – 190,000China – 190,000 Vietnam – 160,000Vietnam – 160,000

20. B. 4.9% of American workers are undocumented and work in jobs not taken by native Americans. They make up 24% of all farm workers; 17% of all cleaners; 14% of all construction workers; and 12% of all food preparation workers. (2006 Pew Hispanic Center Report) They make up 24% of all farm workers; 17% of all cleaners; 14% of all construction workers; and 12% of all food preparation workers. (2006 Pew Hispanic Center Report)

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