1. Chapter 11: The First World War
Section 2: American Power Tips the Balance
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2. America Mobilizes
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3. America Mobilizes Raising an Army Selective Service Act
Begins in May of 1917
Required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service

4. America Mobilizes Raising an Army
400,000 African-Americans served in the armed forces
Served in segregated units and were excluded from Marines and Navy
Most African-Americans were assigned to noncombat duties

5. America Mobilizes Raising an Army 369th Infantry All black
Saw more continuous duty on the front lines than any other American Regiment

6. America Mobilizes Raising an Army Women
Army reluctantly accepted women in the Army corps of Nurses
Most women served as nurses, secretaries, and telephone operators, with full military rank

7. America Mobilizes MASS PRODUCTION Expand Fleet of ships
US GOV took 4 Steps
Exempted Shipyard workers from the draft
US Chamber Of Commerce joined public relations emphasize importance of shipyard work

8. America Mobilizes MASS PRODUCTION Expand Fleet of ships
US GOV took 4 Steps
3. Fabrication Technique – parts built somewhere different than where the ship was assembled
4. Government took over commercial and private ships and converted them for war

9. AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE
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10. AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE
Problem: German U-Boats attacking merchant ships
Solution: Convoy System (Vice Admiral William S. Sims)
Convoy System: Destroyers escort merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean in groups
Use a 230-mile barrier of mines across the North Sea from Scotland to Norway

11. AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE FIGHTING IN EUROPE:
After 2 years of fighting Allied Forces become exhausted
American troops bring freshness and enthusiasm

12. FIGHTING OVER THERE
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13. FIGHTING OVER THERE Soldiers came from separated parts of the country.
Most soldiers never ventured far from the farms or small towns, and when got to Paris were in awe

14. NEW WEAPONS Tank Airplane At first used for scouting
Dogfights – air combat – pilots sit in cockpits and shoot each other with pistols
Next, started to carry mounted machine guns
Planes loaded bombs
Observation Balloons -

15. THE WAR INTRODUCES
NEW HAZARDS
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16. War Introduces New Hazards
WWI led to horrific injuries and hazards
Filth, lice, rats, and polluted water caused dysentery
Poison Gas
Stench of decaying bodies
Lack of Sleep
Constant bombardments – led to battle fatigue and “shell shock”
Shell shock is an emotional collapse

17. War Introduces New Hazards
Trench Foot: caused by standing in cold wet trenches for long periods of time without dry socks or boots – amputate toes or whole foot
Trench Mouth – painful infection of gums and throat

18. American Troops go on the Offensive
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19. American Troops go on the Offensive
American War Hero
Alvin York
Was a conscientious objector to the war (Bible says “thou shall not kill)
Later became known as a war hero

20. American Troops go on the Offensive
THE COLLAPSE OF GERMANY
1918 Germany signs armistice – or truce, that ended the war
Germans were exhausted

21. THE FINAL TOLL
22 Million Dead; Half were civilians
War Cost a total of $338 Billion
United States Lost 48,000 men in battle; 62,000 dying of disease; more than 200,000 Americans wounded

22. THE END