1. Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI (Research4Life) and the Internet (module 1.1)

2. Instructions - This part of the:  course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts.  module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use. MODULE 1.1 Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA and OARE and the Internet

3. Table of Contents  Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI  Basic Internet Concepts  Structure of the Internet  Common Internet Protocols  Technical Requirements for HINARI

4. http://www.research4life.org/

5. Objectives of Research4Life (R4L) To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced articles and journals Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to Millennium Development Goals of 2015

6. Eligibility (01 2014) 1.Countries, areas, or territories with a total GNI above US$ 1 trillion are not eligible for HINARI regardless of other factors 2. Core Offer Group A - Free Access All countries, areas, or territories fulfilling any of the below criteria: a. UN Least Developed Country List and/or b. Human Development Index (HDI) is at or less than 0.50 and/or c. Total Gross National Income (GNI) is at or less than US$ 150 billion where: HDI is at or less than 0.63 and/or Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc) is at or less than US$ 1600

7. 3. Core Offer Group B - Fee access with $1000 annual fee per institution: Total GNI is at or less than US$ 1 billion and/or Total GNI is at or less than US$ 20 billion where GNIpc is at or less than US$10,000 and/or Total GNI is at or less than US$ 180 billion where: HDI is at or less than 0.67 and/or GNIpc is at or less than US$ 5000

8. More than 100 countries, territories and areas HINARI: health research (12700 journals, 24900 books and 70 information resources, 5400 registered institutions) www.who.int/hinari/en/ AGORA: agriculture research (3500 journals, 3400 books, 20 information resources, 2300 registered institutions) www.aginternetwork.org/en/ OARE: environment research (5300 journals, 11100 books, 40 other information resources, 2500 registered institutions) www.unep.org/oare/en/ ARDI: development and innovation research (2000 journals, 5000 books, 80 registered institutions) www.wipo.int/ardi/en/ updated 2013 08

12. Who is eligible for R4L Programmes

13. HINARI Registrations per Country

14. Primary Target Audiences Eligible categories of institutions are: national universities research institutes professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, dentistry) teaching hospitals government: ministries and agencies national medical libraries locally based non-governmental agencies All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students are entitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and Password.

15. Partners  Principal Publishers  Elsevier Science  Springer  Wiley-Blackwell  Sage  Taylor & Francis  Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins  BioOne  Oxford University Press  Nature Publishing  Other science/technical/ medical publishers  Program Partners  World Health Organization - WHO  Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO  United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP  World Intellectual Property Organization - WIPO  Yale University Library  Mann Library/Cornell University  International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers – STM  Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa  National Library of Medicine  Microsoft  Librarians Without Borders ® /MLA

16. What is the Internet? Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite) Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control) Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15 th century!

17. Internet World Statistics 30 June 2010 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htmhttp://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

18. Internet Growth Exponential growth for the last few years In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in 2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet Hardware costs are decreasing year on year While the recent increase of usage in developing countries has been significant, the overall % of users is significantly less than industrialized countries.

20. Internet Architecture Give me file x Here it is Desktop computer - “client” Computer on the Internet holding information - remote “server” Web is based on a client/server architecture using HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Set of rules for communication between Web clients and servers Code is located inside HINARI tells the web browser to open the HINARI website

21. Server/Client Interface SERVERS CLIENTS Hardware + Software Software Protocols

22. Internet Services The World Wide Web or a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet (multiple delivery options) Search tools via WWW (search engines, databases, gateways and portals) Communication (E-mail) Retrieval/information transfer (File Transfer Protocol - FTP)

23. The World-Wide Web WWW, web, W3, World-Wide Web Often what people mean by the Internet Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and documents dynamically and interactively Uses hypertext markup language - HTML The WWW is a global standard Can use text, graphics, sound and video Anyone can link to and make use of the web

24. Delivery: Dial Up Connection Client Computer With Modem ISP Server Internet Phone Line International Gateway Link DIAL-UP CONNECTION Speed of line Quality of line Speed of connection – modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per second – dial into Internet Service Provider (ISP) – quality of telephone line

25. Delivery: Broadband Connection Speed of connection –LAN Server speed –Bandwidth (minimally 256kbts/s to 1.0 Mbit/s) –Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite) LAphone line Internet Leased Line Permanent Connection FULL – TIME CONNECTION Speed of line Quality of line Local Area Network LAN Server

26. Access Speed Issues (Bandwidth) Cables vary in speed and amount of information they can carry (bandwidth) Sometimes cables are slow in carrying information or lose the signal, especially if information must cross long distances too much traffic on cable capacity (bandwidth) is low long distances too much traffic on the cable cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low

27. Internet Requirements for HINARI 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required. A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or better) enables the fastest downloads. Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate. Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4.0 or Mozilla Firefox 1.0

28. Web Browser Browser is the software that is used to view the Web Standard browser features –scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh Navigation - in built features –back, forward, home, go to, yes, no Search on a single web page Multiple Web browser windows Besides Internet Explorer, there are other options

29. http://www.Mozilla.com/Firefox

30. Browser Customization Toolbar options Link to a specific homepage Using the right click mouse button Using favorites or bookmarks –Adding –Organizing –Editing

31. Adobe Reader for PDFs You will need an Adobe Reader to view journal articles in PDF (Portable Document Format). Adobe Reader can be downloaded for FREE from the Adobe web site: http://getadobe.com/reader/

32. http://get.adobe.com/reader/

33. Java You will need Java to view some articles especially in HINARI Java can be downloaded for FREE from the following website: http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp

34. http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

35. This page is being viewed with an Internet Browser. Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark- up Language OR HTML. In this example we have entered the URL - http://www.who.int/hinari/ - for the HINARI website and clicked on the ENTER or RETURN key.

36. Hypertext links Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.

37. Forward and back navigation buttons The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move Back and Forward to pages within the website.

38. Home page button The House icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page. This is the end of Module 1.1 There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples. Updated 2013 09