1. Chapter 3 political and economic analysis Section 3.1
What Is an Economy?
Section 3.2
Understanding the Economy

2. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
CONNECT How do your actions affect the economy?

3. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
List the goals of a healthy economy.
Explain how an economy is measured.
Analyze the key phases of the business cycle.

4. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
Aspects of an economy such as consumers, businesses, and governments affect the economy and marketing decisions.

5. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
productivity
gross domestic product (GDP)
gross national product (GNP)
inflation
consumer price index (CPI)
producer price index (PPI)
business cycle
expansion
recession
depression
recovery

6. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
Identifying Economic Measurements

7. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
Identifying Economic Measurements

8. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Examples of the Three Goals of a Healthy Economy

9. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Examples of the Three Goals of a Healthy Economy

10. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Economic Measurements
Labor Productivity
productivity
Output per worker hour that is measured over a defined period of time.

11. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Economic Measurements
Labor Productivity
gross domestic product (GDP)
The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located within a country.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

12. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Economic Measurements
Labor Productivity
gross national product (GNP)
The total dollar value of goods and services produced by a nation, including goods and services produced abroad by U.S. citizens and companies.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross National Product (GNP)

13. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Economic Measurements
Labor Productivity
inflation
Rising prices.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross National Product (GNP)
Inflation

14. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Economic Measurements
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Labor Productivity
consumer price index (CPI)
Measures the change in price over a period of time of 400 specific retail goods and services used by the average urban household.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross National Product (GNP)
Inflation

15. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Economic Measurements
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Labor Productivity
producer price index (PPI)
Measures wholesale price levels in the economy.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Producer Price Index (PPI)
Gross National Product (GNP)
Inflation

16. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Economic Measurements
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Labor Productivity
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Producer Price Index (PPI)
Gross National Product (GNP)
Standard of Living
Unemployment Rate
Inflation

17. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Examples of the Three Types of Goods and Services That Make Up the GDP

18. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Examples of the Three Types of Goods and Services That Make Up the GDP

19. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
How Do These Two Economic Measurements Compare?

20. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
How Do These Two Economic Measurements Compare?

21. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Business Cycle
business cycle
Recurring changes in economic activity.
Expansion
Recession
expansion
A time when the economy is expanding.
The Business Cycle
recession
A period of economic slowdown that lasts for at least two quarters, or six months.
Recovery
Trough
recovery
The term that signifies a period of renewed economic growth following a recession or depression.

22. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Business Cycle
During a depression, consumer spending is very low, unemployment is very high, and production of goods and services is down significantly.
depression
A period of prolonged recession.

23. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Factors Affecting the Business Cycle

24. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
The Economy and Marketing
Factors Affecting the Business Cycle

25. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
Section 3.2 1.
Explain how monitoring economic measures helps economists achieve the three goals of a healthy economy.
Monitoring economic measures helps economists quickly notice changes in productivity, employment, and prices, and determine when the government should respond to changing conditions; for example, by lowering interest rates to spur the economy.

26. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
Section 3.2 2.
Describe the effect of high unemployment on a nation’s economy.
High unemployment has a negative effect on a nation’s economy. The unemployed cannot make purchases so companies produce less and cut back on capital projects. Tax revenue decreases. Unemployment benefits cause state governments to reduce spending.

27. Understanding the Economy
Section 3.2
Section 3.2 3.
Describe what happens to an employee in each phase of the business cycle.
During an expansion, jobs are readily available and wages typically increase; employees can move from one job to another fairly easily. In a recession, employees may be laid off and finding another job can be difficult. In a trough, jobs are typically scarce but may gradually become more plentiful. In a recovery, more jobs become available as the economy grows and workers may see their wages increase, enabling them to increase their standards of living.

28. Chapter 3 political and economic analysis Section 3.1
End of
Chapter 3
political and economic analysis
Section 3.1
What Is an Economy?
Section 3.2
Understanding the Economy