1. The Age of Jackson Industrial Revolution in America
Transportation Revolution
Market Revolution
The Indian Question
Mass Immigration (1840s)
Irish
German
Scandinavian(Northern and Western Europe)
More democratic (small “d”) politics
Revolution of 1828
“Jacksonian democracy”
Religious revival and expansion
2nd Great Awakening
Mormonism
Universalism - Unitarianism
Reform movements
Temperance
Abolition
Education
Women’s Rights
Insane asylums
Health care/practices
Utopian communities

2. Transportation Revolution
The period from saw the massive expansion of modes and means of transportation
Included:
Roads (National or Cumberland Road)
Canals (Erie, etc.)
Railroads

3. Map 10.3 The Transportation Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1820–1850 (p. 298)

4. Canals Canal building boom
Erie Canal built to connect western farmers and their products with eastern markets in New York

5. Steamboats and Robert Fulton
Development of a commercial steamboat for shallow river travel
Transformed commerce along riverways
Fueled growth of major river cities (Cincinnati, Columbus, Louisville, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, etc.)

6. Map 10.5 Railroads of the North and South, 1850–1860 (p. 301)

7. Map 10.4 The Speed of News in 1817 and 1841 (p. 300)

8. Transportation Revolution

9. The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was an ongoing effort, over many decades, to increase production by using machines powered by sources other than humans or animals.
In the North
Eli Whitney’s idea of interchangeable parts
Samuel Slater’s introduction of the model factory
Lowell system of labor (Lowell Textile mills)
In the South,
Whitney’s cotton gin
Increased production of cotton dramatically (King Cotton)
Increased need for slaves entrenches slavery in the southern economy

10. Technology Celebrated (p. 284)

11. Samuel Slater’s Spinning Frame (p. 289)

12. Mill Girl, c (p. 290)

13. Map 10.6 The Nation’s Major Cities in 1840 (p. 302)

14. Women and Immigration provide Labor

15. Immigration
ABC-CLIO

16. Figure 11.2 The Surge in Immigration, 1842–1855 (p. 338)

17. German, Irish, and Total Immigration, 1830 – 1860

18. Antebellum Immigration

19. Market Revolution - Change from local to regional to national economies
Expanding Economy - combination
Industrial
Transportation
Labor force (Immigration, Urbanization)
Surplus
Manufacturing - from New England to other Northern states and territories
Economic changes: early 1800s - free enterprise system - rewarded better, faster, more efficient ways of doing businesses.
Banks lent capital for investment
Banks printed bank notes - value fluctuated depending on the time and place that they were cashed.

20. Election of 1824: A Corrupt Bargain?
John Quincy Adams
Fewer popular votes than Jackson
Clay threw support to Adams
House of Reps chose J. Q. Adams
Clay became Adams’ Secretary of State
Andrew Jackson
Most popular votes
Most electoral votes
Accused Adams, Clay, and Congress of a “Corrupt Bargain”
Fueled campaign for 1828 election

21. Map 11.1 Presidential Election of 1824 (p. 318)

22. Jackson enters National Politics: Election of 1824

23. Map 11.2 Presidential Election of 1828 (p. 321)

24. Andrew Jackson President from 1828-1836 “Old Hickory”
Democratic-Republican (shortened to Democrats)
First non-”notable” to be elected president

25. Jacksonian Democracy More ‘power’ to the common man.
Gave the ‘common’ man (western farmers, southern yeoman, etc. a feeling of franchisement.
Key state-level democratic reforms
-Universal male suffrage
-“King Caucus”
-Popular campaigning
-More elected offices
-Rotation in office

26. Revolution of 1828: Jacksonian Democracy
A more democratic society - small “d” democratic
Common people felt they had a representative in the White House
“Spoils System”

27. Two-Party System
Effectively ended the One party system of Democratic-Republicans.
Opposition party formed called the “Whigs”

28. Whigs and Democrats
Source: ABC-CLIO subscription website

29. Figure 11.1 Changes in Voting Patterns, 1824–1840 (p. 320)

30. Andrew Jackson: Issues
Nationalism vs. States’ Rights
Nullification and Federal Authority
Bank of the United States
Indian Removal

31. The Nullification Crisis
Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) - hurt southern cotton producers
Perceived as a sectional law favoring manufacturing interests in the NE.
John C. Calhoun - South Carolina Exposition and Protest

32. The Nullification Crisis
Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) - hurt southern cotton producers
Perceived as a sectional law favoring manufacturing interests in the NE.
John C. Calhoun - South Carolina Exposition and Protest

33. Nullification Crisis of 1833
Tariff of 1832 passed.
South Carolina convention ‘nullified’ them both
Jackson threatened force (Force Bill of 1833) if SC didn’t abide by federal law
Jackson despised nullification calling it unconstitutional
Compromise tariff engineered by….. (drum roll) Henry Clay.

34. Sectionalism vs. Nationalism Tariff of 1832 (Abominations)
Maysville Road Veto
Webster-Hayne Debate
Nullification
States’ Rights?

35. The Bank of the United States (BUS)
Jackson hated the 2nd BUS manager, Nicholas Biddle
Jackson vetoed the re-charter of the Bank Bill
Jackson saw the Bank as harmful to the western farmers with it’s tight money policies
Viewed Bank as favoring privilege and industry

36. Jackson’s View of the Bank of the United States (BUS)

37. Jackson Destroys the Bank (p. 326)

38. King Andrew the First
Jackson re-defined the executive power of the presidency
Critics depicted him as depicted him as a tyrant and maverick

39. Jackson and the Bank of the United States

40. The Panic of 1837
Jackson withdrew all federal funds from the BUS and deposited them in ‘pet banks’
Spawned a speculative land fever on western lands = massive inflation of land values (overvalued)
Jackson issued the “Specie Circular” ordering all land purchases be made in gold and silver.
Paper banknotes lost their value and land sales plummeted
Panic of led to an economic depression until the early 1840s.
Map 11.4 Anatomy of a Panic: Bank Suspensions in May 1837 (p. 334) Henretta America’s History 5 ed.

41. US Indian Policy:
By Robert Lindneux

42. U. S. Federal Indian Policy
War of 1812, death of Tecumseh and pan-Indian alliance, Creek Wars, Indian Springs Treaty of 1825, Seminole Wars
Indian Removal Act - Gave President authority to trade SE tribes for their land in east for land in west. Provided money for land transfer and relocation
Black Hawk’s War (1832)

43. Black Hawk (1767–1838) (p. 328)

44. Indian Policy and the Cherokee Nation
Supreme Court decisions
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) - Marshall denied Cherokee claim as a separate republic. Rather, they were a domestic dependent nation. - ward of the US
Worcester v. Georgia (1832) - Marshall held that Cherokees were a distinct political community and entitled to federal protection from state interference (from Georgia)
Jackson’s response was: ‘John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.’
Forced removal of remaining Cherokee to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) - along the “Trail of Tears”

45. Indian Removal in the 1830s
Source: Abc-Clio subscription website

46. Map 11.3 The Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1843 (p. 327)
•file:///Users/jcorn/Desktop/APUSH%20PPTS/Animations/Indian%20Removal.htm

47. Andrew Jackson’s Legacy
Still debated. Admired by some, hated by others.
Strong influence on his generation both politically and economically.
Defined an era…