1. All Things are Not Equal: Institutional Racial Disproportionality & Disparity Across Systems Joyce James, LCSW-AP Associate Deputy Executive Commissioner Center for Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 1

2. Mission of the Center for Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities The mission of the Center is to partner with health and human services agencies, external stakeholders, as well as other systems and communities to identify and eliminate disproportionality and disparities affecting children, families and vulnerable populations. 2

3. TermDefinition Most commonly used in: Disproportionality The fact that some racial or ethnic groups of families and children are represented in various child welfare services populations at levels that are disproportionate to their numbers in the overall family or child population. A Child welfare Health Disparity Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes. B Health and mental health Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) The disproportionate number of minority youth that come into contact with the juvenile justice system. C Juvenile justice Achievement gapThe difference in the performance between each Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) subgroup (Overall, Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Free or Reduced Price Meals, Limited English Proficient Students, and Special Education Students) within a participating Local Education Authority (LEA) or school and the statewide average performance of the LEA's or State's highest achieving subgroups in reading/language arts and mathematics as measured by the assessments required under the ESEA. D Education Many terms are used to describe racial inequity in outcomes across systems *Note: Practitioners within a discipline often disagree about precise term definitions. These examples are drawn from reputable organizations and are intended to illustrate the general degree of similarity across systems. Sources: A - Courtney, M., and Skyles, A. (2003). Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 25, 5, 355-358 B - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Supplement Vol 60. C - U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs (2012). "About DMC." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html D - U.S. Department of Education (2012).http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html "Definitions." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions.http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions 3 ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 1

4. Term: Disproportionality Definition*: The fact that some racial or ethnic groups of families and children are represented in various child welfare services populations at levels that are disproportionate to their numbers in the overall family or child population. Most Commonly Used: Child welfare *Note: Practitioners within a discipline often disagree about precise term definitions. These examples are drawn from reputable organizations and are intended to illustrate the general degree of similarity across systems. Source: Courtney, M., and Skyles, A. (2003). Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 25, 5, 355-358 Terms ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 4

5. Terms (continued) Term: Health Disparity Definition: Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes. Most Commonly Used: Health and mental health Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). CDC Health Disparities and Ineqalities Report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Supplement Vol 60. ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 5

6. Terms (continued) Term: Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) Definition: The disproportionate number of minority youth that come into contact with the juvenile justice system. Most Commonly Used: Juvenile justice Source: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs (2012). "About DMC." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 6

7. Terms (continued) Term: Achievement gap Definition: The difference in the performance between each Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) subgroup (Overall, Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Free or Reduced Price Meals, Limited English Proficient Students, and Special Education Students) within a participating Local Education Authority (LEA) or school and the statewide average performance of the LEA's or State's highest achieving subgroups in reading/language arts and mathematics as measured by the assessments required under the ESEA. Most Commonly Used: Education Source: U.S. Department of Education (2012). "Definitions." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions. http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 7

8. Current (2007-2009) outcomes in Texas: African Americans > 2x as likely to have poor outcomes in every system Relative rate index for measures across child welfare, health, education, juvenile justice, and criminal justice Times more / less likely than whites Outcome Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality (2011) Texas Health and Human Services Cross System Data. Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health. African-American CPS removals 2009 children in foster care 2007 diabetes death-rate Pre-term births 2009 referrals to probation 2009 commitments to juvenile services School expulsions “Serious or persistent behavior” expulsions Hispanic Anglo Prison / State Jail Population Death Row CPS Health EducationJuvenile JusticeCriminal Justice ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 8

9. The Texas Model Data-driven Strategies Collect, research, analyze, and proactively share data on system outcomes by race and ethnicity Leadership Development Grow both systems and community leaders that are courageous and grounded in C.E.D.D. approach Culturally Competent Workforce Develop workforce that reviews and examines its work through an anti-racist and humanistic lens Community Engagement Recognize strengths of grass roots community, hear its ideas, and include it throughout process Cross Systems Collaboration Share data, training, and dialogue with systems, institutions, and agencies that serve same populations Training Defined by Anti-Racist Principles 1 Train staff and partners in principles that ensure we work at cultural and institutional levels An Understanding of the History of Institutional Racism and the Impact on Poor Communities and Communities of Color Develop common analysis of racism and history that led to current outcomes ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 9 1.For example of Anti-racist principles see “The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond” http://www.pisab.org/our-principles http://www.pisab.org/our-principles

10. Data-driven Strategies Collect, research, analyze, and proactively share data on systems outcomes by race and ethnicity Leadership Development Grow both systems and community leaders that are courageous and grounded in C.E.D.D. approach Culturally Competent Workforce Develop workforce that reviews and examines it’s work through an anti-racist and humanistic lens ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved Texas Model 10

11. Texas Model (continued) Community Engagement Recognize strengths of grass roots community, hear its ideas, and include it throughout process Cross Systems Collaboration Share data, training, and dialogue with systems, institutions, and agencies that serve same populations Training Defined by Anti-Racist Principles 1 Train staff and partners in principles that ensure we work at cultural and institutional levels ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 11 1.For example of Anti-racist principles see “The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond” http://www.pisab.org/our-principles http://www.pisab.org/our-principles

12. An Understanding of the History of Institutional Racism and the Impact on Poor Communities and Communities of Color Develop common analysis of racism and history that led to current outcomes ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved Texas Model (continued) 12

13. The Texas Model led to a statewide decrease in removal rates between 2005 and 2010 African-American Hispanic Anglo Disparity (= African American Rate – Anglo Rate) Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality (2011) Comparison of Stages Data. Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health. Rate of removal (Removals / Allegations) Year Rate of removal by racial group ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 13

14. The decrease was most pronounced in counties where the Texas Model is most developed African American removal rates pre- and post intervention Anglo removal rates pre- and post intervention 2005 Pre- 2005 2008.6%.1% 1.2%.6% Focus counties (Harris, Tarrant, Dallas, Travis, Jefferson) began community engagement in 2005, 2 years before the rest of the state Source: Baumann, D. J., Fluke, J. Graham, J. C., Wittenstrom, K., Hedderson, J., Riveau, S., Detlaff, A., Rycraft, J., Ortiz, M. J., James, J. Kromrei, L., Craig, S., Capouch, Sheets, J., Ward, D., Breidenbach, R., Hardaway, A., Boudreau, B., and Brown, N. (2010).Disproportionality in Child Protective Services: The Preliminary Results of Statewide Reform Efforts. Provided to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. March. ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 14

15. Potential Next Steps Find an anti-racist training or workshop in your area Sandy Bernabei, LCSW sandy.bernabei@gmail.com for help finding resources ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 15

16. More information about the Center and additional resources (readings, videos, organizations), visit: The Center website http://www.hhsc.state.tx.us/hhsc_projects/cedd/about/index.shtml Potential Next Steps ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 16

17. Q & A Conversation Joyce James, LCSW-AP jjameslmsw@aol.com THANK YOU The post-test will be available on the NASW Lunchtime webpage www.socialworkers.org/lunchtime ©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 17