1. University of Utah 1 Other Early Computers Konrad Zuse -Another early pioneer -Z1 (mechanical, 1936) -Z3 (electromechanical, 1941) -Z4 (electronic, 1950)

2. University of Utah 2 Other Early Computers Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) -1937 -All-electronic -Not general-purpose Designed to solve linear equations

3. University of Utah 3 More ENIAC thoughts Acronym: -Electronic -Numerical -Integrator -And -Computer

4. University of Utah 4 Beyond ENIAC “Very few things happen at the right time, and the rest do not happen at all: The conscientious historian will correct these defects.” --Mark Twain

5. University of Utah 5 EDVAC Eckert and Mauchly knew the ENIAC was bad! 1944 – proposed next computer, EDVAC. -Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

6. University of Utah 6 EDVAC Improvements over ENIAC -Binary, not decimal -Programmable! -High-speed memory Serial, not random access

7. University of Utah 7 von Neumann John von Neumann -consultant for ENIAC project -First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (1945) an internal document (NOT!) -memory stores instructions AND data

8. University of Utah 8 Ego Battles von Neumann and Goldstine vs Eckert and Mauchly U.Penn administrators vs Eckert and Mauchly

9. University of Utah 9 EDVAC Built by U.Penn without Eckert & Mauchly Not finished until 1951

10. University of Utah 10 10 Commercialization Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation -financial troubles BINAC -first commercial computer (unfortunately)

11. University of Utah 11 11 UNIVAC Eckert/Mauchly bought out by Remington-Rand Completed the first UNIVAC in 1951 for the U.S. Census Bureau Sold about 20 UNIVACs between 1951 and 1954.

12. University of Utah 12 12 UNIVAC 1952: Eisenhower vs Stevenson

13. University of Utah 13 13 UNIVAC UNIVAC predicted: -438 Eisenhower vs 93 Stevenson CBS fudges results Actual results: -442 Eisenhower vs 89 Stevenson

14. University of Utah 14 14 UNIVAC Total of 46 UNIVACs produced Last one decommissioned in 1969

15. University of Utah 15 15 UNIVAC 4 bits per decimal digit -word length: 45 bits 11 decimal digits + sign

16. University of Utah 16 16 UNIVAC Clock speed: 2.25 Mhz 465 multiplications/sec

17. University of Utah 17 17 UNIVAC Memory: 1000 words Long-term storage on magnetic tape

18. University of Utah 18 18 UNIVAC Peripherals -see brochure

19. University of Utah 19 19 UNIVAC (video)

20. University of Utah 20 20 Reminder Enigma assignment due Friday @ 7:30pm If you need help, get it early!

21. University of Utah 21 21 On Friday... We'll see how IBM and others responded to UNIVAC.

22. University of Utah 22 22 “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)