1. Chapter 14 Health, Health Care, and Disability
Health in Global Perspective
Health in the United States
Health Care in the United States
Sociological Perspectives on Health and Medicine
Disability
Health Care in the Future 

2. Health, Health Care, and Disability
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Health care is any activity intended to improve health.
Disability is a reduced ability to perform tasks one would normally do at a given stage of life.

3. Paying for Medical Care
The U.S. and Union of South Africa are the only developed nations without universal health coverage for all citizens.
About 1/3 of U.S. citizens are without health insurance.

4. The U.S. Health Care System
Private Health Insurance - cited as the main reason for medical inflation, gives doctors and hospitals an incentive to increase costs.
Public Health Insurance: projections call for Medicaid spending to double and Medicare spending to triple in the next few years.

5. The U.S. Health Care System
Health Maintenance Organizations - provide total care with an emphasis on prevention.
Managed care - monitors and controls health care providers' decisions, insurance company has the right to refuse to pay for treatment.

6. Implications of Advanced Medical Technology
Create options that alter human relationships. (prolonging life after consciousness is lost)
Increase the cost of medical care.
Raise questions about the very nature of life. (invitro fertilization, cloning, stem cell research)

7. Functionalist: The Sick Role
The sick are not responsible for their condition.
The sick are temporarily exempt from their normal role obligations
The sick must want to get well.
The sick must seek help from a medical professional to hasten their recovery. 

8. Conflict Theory: Inequalities in Health Care
Problems in the U.S. health care system are rooted in the capitalist economy.
Access to high quality medical care is linked to people’s ability to pay and their position within the class structure.
Race, class and gender influence access to health care.

9. Disability
Estimated 48 million people in the U.S. have one or more physical or mental disabilities.
Less than 15% of persons with a disability are born with it.
Accidents, disease, and war account for most disabilities in this country.

10. Increase in Number of Disabled
People who would have died from accident or illness now survive, although with an impairment.
People live longer and are more likely to experience disabling diseases.
Persons born with severe disabilities are likely to survive.

11. Living With a Disability
Strategies:
Avoidance - deny condition to maintain hopeful images of the future and elude depression.
Vigilance - actively seek knowledge and treatment so they can respond to the changes in their bodies.