1. The New Nation Faces Challenges

2. Essential Questions
What actions did Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as presidents?
What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the eighteenth century?
What is Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. expand to the Pacific coast?

3. 1) What actions did Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as President?

4. Washington’s Presidency
Set up Cabinet
Dept of State: Thomas Jefferson
Dept of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Dept of War: Henry Knox
Set up Supreme Court w/ Judiciary Act of 1789
Hamilton’s Financial Plan = compromise
Fed gov’t take on all debts
Raise revenue by taxing imports
Create national bank

5. Conflict Over National Bank
Thomas Jefferson: Strict Constructionist
Alexander Hamilton: Loose Constructionist
Hamilton convinces Washington to sign bill for New National Bank

6. Jefferson’s Presidency
Marbury v. Madison 1803
Adams appointed many Federalists to judgeships: “Midnight Judges”
Thomas Jefferson and Madison refused to deliver commissions
Supreme court ruled they did not have power to make Madison deliver Commission (one branch cannot force action on another)
Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave court this power was declared unconstitutional
Established Judicial review: courts can declare laws unconstitutional

7. Louisiana Purchase
Purchased from France
Jefferson felt uncomfortable: constitutional?
Decided it was acceptable
Presidents can negotiate treaties
Doubled the size of U.S.

8. War of 1812
Causes: impressment, helping Nat-Ams
Effects: Foreign respect for U.S., national pride, less Nat-Am resistance

9. Monroe’s Presidency “Era of good feelings” Domestic Policy:
1. McCulloch v. Maryland
Agreed w/ idea of National Bank
National gov’t interests above state interests
2. Gibbons v. Ogden
National gov’t has right to regulate trade between states

10. Foreign Policy: Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) Monroe Doctrine
Acquired Florida
Establish boundary w/Spain
Monroe Doctrine
Americas off limits to European colonization

11. Missouri Compromise
Missouri petitioned to join union
1819: 11 states free, 11 slave states
Compromise: Maine=free AND Missouri=slave
Slavery banned above compromise line

12. Age of Jackson Indian Removal Act
Relocation of five native tribes to area west of Mississippi (Indian Territory)
Known as Trail of Tears
National Bank
2nd Bank charter runs out
Unconstitutional  state banks

13. Conflict over States Rights
1832 Congress passes Tariff on imported goods
Nullification crisis
South declared law “null and void”
Threatened to secede
Compromise: Tariffs would be reduced for 10 years

14. Talk to your neighbor: What are some of the most important events that took place during the Presidencies of Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson?

15. 2) What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the nineteenth century?

16. The Second Great Awakening
1st Great Awakening
1730s, emphasis on repenting sins, church membership grew
2nd Great Awakening
Americans join churches and attend revival meetings in record #s in 1820s and 1830s
Emphasis: Live well, work hard, do God’s work on earth

17. Reform Era Temperance Movement – alcohol awareness
Education Reforms – increased access to education
Prison Reforms – separate mentally ill

18. Urban Reform Many immigrants from Germany and Ireland in mid 1800s
Worked in factories, lived in crowded apt buildings
Local boards of health were est.
Workers began to organize to demand better working conditions
Ten hour movement

19. Women’s Rights Seneca Falls Convention 1848
First women’s rights meeting
Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Declaration of Sentiments
“All men and women are created equal”

20. Abolition Antislavery Efforts in the South By 1850 250,000 freemen
Helped others escape
Spoke out against slavery
Slave Uprisings - Nat Turner
Underground Railroad

21. Abolition Movement in North Slavery seen as morally wrong
American Anti-Slavery Society
Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke sisters, Frederick Douglass
Garrison
Grimke Sisters
Douglass

22. Kerry Washington Performs Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I A Woman” speech

23. Talk to your neighbor: What were some causes and effects of the reform movements in the 1800s?

24. 3) What is Manifest Destiny and how did the U. S
3) What is Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. expand to the Pacific coast?

26. Manifest Destiny
Definition: Belief that it was America’s God given right to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

27. The California Gold Rush – 1848
80,000 move to CA in 1849
st State

28. The Oregon Treaty
Set US - British Canada border at 49th parallel

29. Texas Independence Americans settle Texas
Belonged to Spain, then Mexico
In exchange for land must surrender American citizenship, swear allegiance to Mexico, adopt Roman Catholic religion
Texans declare independence from Mexico on Mar

30. The Alamo
Fort in San Antonio
Mexicans kill nearly all defenders
Texans win Battle of San Jacinto and gain independence

31. War With Mexico Texans vote to join Union Opinion of Americans mixed
Texas joins Union in 1845 as a
slave state
Mexico breaks diplomatic relations with U.S.
U.S. offers to pay for New Mexico and CA
Mexico refuses, boundary dispute and war begins

32. Bear Flag Revolt Californians easily defeat Mexican forces
Declare CA to be independent Republic of California
U.S. forces arrive and gain control of CA
U.S. forces overwhelm Mexican forces in U.S. and Mexico

33. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 1. Mexico gives up TX
2. Mexican Cession: U.S. gets land in present day CA, NV, UT, WY, CO, AZ, NM
3. US pays Mexico $15M
4. Gadsden Purchase
Area in red: Mexican Cession
Area in orange: Gadsden Purchase