1. the merciful, the compassionate In the name of God

2. Job Burnout in Different Occupations Seyed Ahmadian M.R., M.D, PhD, MPH.

3. Maslach views job burnout as -A response to chronic interpersonal and emotional stressors on the job -Resulting in negative feelings such as incompetence, lack of achievement and productivity at work -Emotional exhaustion ranging from mild boredom to severe depression, Depersonalization and treating people in an unfeeling way -Poor sense of Personal Accomplishment are viewed as the key elements of job burnout How is “Burnout” defined?

4. Job Dissatisfaction Lowered Productivity Absenteeism High Turnover State Of Disequilibrium Greenglass ER, Burke RJ. Hospital restructuring and burnout. Journal of health and human services administration, 2002, 25(1):89–114. References: General negative effects

5. Work related: - Work pressure without support - Ever-changing expectations - New job requirements - Role conflict - Role ambiguity Personality related: - Idealism - Need for self-affirmation and work orientation Predisposing Factors Constanti A et al. Relationship between hardiness and risk of burnout in a sample of 92 nurses working in oncology and AIDS wards. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 1997, 66(2):78–82. Crotty M. Burnout and its implications for the continuing education. Nurse education, 1987, 7(6):278–84. References:

6. Burnout is the most major problem of human resources in the helping professions such as: NURSING MEDICINE SOCIAL WORK LAW ENFORCEMENT and EDUCATION Hellesøy O, Grønhaug K, Kvitastein O. Burnout: conceptual issues and empirical findings from a new research setting. Scandinavian journal of management, 2000, 16:233–47. References: Who is in most danger?

7. Why? They face with Blood and urine Disturbed sleeping pattern Frequent emergency situations Inappropriate expectations from patients and their relatives Insufficient nursing staff and lack of authority in decision-making Common Phenomenon among Nurses Worldwide May lead to Low Patient Satisfaction Reduced Quality of Care Nursing Staff

8. A Study on 53,846 Nurses in Six Countries Poghosyan et al. Boston, MA, USA, 2010 J. Research in Nursing & Health Relation between Burnout and Quality of Care Nursing Staff Lusine Poghosyan, Sean P. Clarke. Nurse Burnout and Quality of Care: Cross-National Investigation in Six Countries. Research in Nursing & Health, 2010, 33, 288–298 Reference: Study Design U.S., Canada, U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan between 1998 – 2008 Instrument for burnout : Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Instrument for Quality of Care : 4-point scale for quality of care in general (scored by nurses in next shift)

9. Nursing Staff Lusine Poghosyan, Sean P. Clarke. Nurse Burnout and Quality of Care: Cross-National Investigation in Six Countries. Research in Nursing & Health, 2010, 33, 288–298 Reference: Results Highest Burnout in Japanese nurses. (Highest EE,DP and Lowest PA) Lowest Quality of Care score in Japanese nurses.

10. Why? They face with Lack of professional recognition discipline problems in the classroom Fear of violence Bureaucracy Lack of support Workload Time pressure Amount of paperwork required Lack of resources provided Teaching is considered a highly stressful occupation May lead to Lower Patient Satisfaction Reduced Quality of Care Teachers

11. May lead to Lower Patient Satisfaction Reduced Quality of Care Teachers A representative sample of 447 school teachers Burnout, personality and job stressors were investigated in teachers Kokkinos et al., Greece,2008, B.J. of Educational Psychology Job stressors A 63-item scale to measure potential sources of stress in teachers Burnout Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators’ Survey Personality NEO-Five Factor Inventory (5-point likhert type scale) Constantinos M. Kokkinos Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers, British Journal of Educational Psychology (2007), 77, 229–243 Reference:

12. Results Results showed that both personality and work-related stressors were associated with burnout dimensions Neuroticism was a common predictor of all aspects of burnout. Managing student misbehavior and time constraints were found to systematically predict dimensions of burnout. The findings of this study suggested that certain personality characteristics may increase or hinder the incidence of burnout May lead to Lower Patient Satisfaction Reduced Quality of Care Teachers Constantinos M. Kokkinos Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers, British Journal of Educational Psychology (2007), 77, 229–243 Reference:

13. Why? They face with Physical assault Traumatic events Work overload Time pressure Inadequate resources & staff shortages High public demand May lead to Role conflict & Breakdown in adaptation Early retirement Police Officers Important element in country’s stability, Economic growth and Development

14. Random samples (N= 257) were taken from police stations Objective of this research was to determine the relationship between Coping,Stress and Burnout L. Wiese et al.,South africa,2004, Journal of Industrial Psychology Burnout The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Sur vey (MBI-GS) Organizational stress The 44-item Police Stress Inventory (PSI), describes a job-related stressor events Coping strategies The COPE Questionnaire is a multidimensional 53-item survey Police Officers L. WIESE, S. ROTHMANN, K. STORMKokkinosCOPING, STRESS AND BURNOUT IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2003, 29 (4), 71-80 Reference:

15. Police Officers L. WIESE, S. ROTHMANN, K. STORMKokkinosCOPING, STRESS AND BURNOUT IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2003, 29 (4), 71-80 Reference: Results Results shows that high levels of stress because of job demands and lack of job resources were related to high level of burnout Seeing criminals was a relatively sever stressor for police members. Burnout were associated with ineffective coping strategies. Active coping strategies lead to higher feelings of professional efficiency of officers

16. Why? They face with High workload Time pressure Disturbed sleeping pattern & Night calls Emotional emptiness Inappropriate expectations from patients and their relatives Organizational problems May lead to decreased patient care Work-family interference lack of time Doctors (GPs) Among doctors the prevalence of burnout has increased during the last decade

17. The study population was consisted of 685 GPs working on a permanent basis To investigate the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome among male and female GPs. I. Houkes et al.,2011, BMC public health journal Burnout. Burnout was measured by means of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) that measures the three burnout dimensions, emotional exhaustion (8-item), depersonalization (5-item) and personal accomplishment (7-item). Doctors (GPs) I.Houkes et al.,Developmet of burnout over time and the causal order of the three dimensions of burnout among GPs, A three-wave panel study, BMC public health journal, 2011, 11:240 Reference:

18. Results Results shows main effect of sex on depersonalization Male GPs scored-on average higher on depersonalization Personal accomplishment seems to develop independently from the other two dimensions Burnout in female GPs seems to be triggered by emotional exhaustion Doctors (GPs) I.Houkes et al.,Developmet of burnout over time and the causal order of the three dimensions of burnout among GPs, A three-wave panel study, BMC public health journal, 2011, 11:240 Reference:

19. Conclusion A good understanding of the etiology and development of burnout, could facilitate the early recognition and treatment of burnout Burnout develops gradually over time, and can be considered as a process It is also relevant to consider sex differences in the development of burnout as the onset of this syndrome might be different for men and women It seems that burnout occurs as a result of a complex interaction between individual characteristics and issues in the work environment

20. Conclusion. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were more related to environmental stressors, whereas personal accomplishment to personality variables Dimensions of extraversion and conscientiousness associated to low burnout and increased personal accomplishment Burnout appears to be an important indicator for both human resource and practice leaders to track quality of work. Individual characteristics as well as job related stressor should be taken into consideration when studying the burnout phenomenon

21. Suggestions Life Style Modification Start the day with a relaxing ritual Adopt healthy eating, exercising, and sleeping habits Set boundaries Take a daily break from technology Nourish your creative side Learn how to manage stress In Workplace Actively address problems Clarify your job description Ask for new duties Take time off

22. Suggestions For Managers Provide employee training for the new tasks the person is managing Ensure employees get to keep activities in their jobs that they like to do Increase conversations about career development and aspirations Cancel any non-critical meetings or excuse employees from meetings where they are not essential Assess job fit Look outside the workplace Communicate with your team Be open to communication from your team

23. Thanks for your attention!