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Health Health Determinants and Health Promotion Diane B. Wilson EdD, RD Mary S. McLellan MS,RD Medical University of South Carolina
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Developed as part of an Enhanced AHEC Community Partnership for Health Professions Workforce and Educational Reform project funded by the Health Resource and Service Administration (HRSA)
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OBJECTIVES l Health promotion, disease prevention, wellness l Disease prevention as part of health care
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What is Health?
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Health is a state of complete Physical, Mental, and Social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. WHO, 1947 The Metaphysical Context of the Universe The Secular Dimensions of Health PhysicalMental Social
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Two Major Aspects of Health l Feeling Well l Ability to Function
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Determinants of Health l the complex inter-relationships of s genetics s social environment s physical environment s behavior s health/illness services l that determine the level of health and sense of well-being in an individual
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Genetics l Body Size l Special Abilities l Disease Resistance l Disease Susceptibility l Genetic Diseases l General Robustness
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Physical Environment l Macro-environment s Food and Water s Air Pollution l Micro-environment s Home s Workplace
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Social Environment l Religion l Race/Gender l Socioeconomic Status l Education l Occupation l Family Composition
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Socioeconomic Status, Income and Health l Socioeconomic Status s As GDP increases, the health of a nation increases s In times of economic hardship, the incidence of disease increases
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Health Care l Quality l Availability l “Health has improved NOT because of steps taken while we are ill, but because we are ill less often.” Thomas McKeown, 1978
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Health Promotion l An intervention that seeks to eliminate or reduce exposures to harmful factors by modifying human behaviors; or any combination of health education and related organizational, political and economic interventions designed to facilitate behavioral and environmental adaptations that will improve or protect health l Concerned specifically with sociobehavorial processes.
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Targets of Health Promotion l Individuals at risk of a health problem l Those who influence individuals at risk l Those who set policy s Foster the adoption of healthful changes in the environment s Improve health services s Encourage healthful personal behavior change
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Health Promotion Objectives l Individual s Knowledge s Attitudes s Behaviors s Physiology l Organization s Policies s Practices s Programs s Facilities s Resources l Community s Policies s Practices s Programs s Facilities s Resources l Government s Policies/Programs s Facilities/Resources s Legislation/Ordinances s Regulation/Enforcement
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Examples of HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 Priority Areas l Health Promotion s Physical Activity and Nutrition s Tobacco s Alcohol Consumption l Preventive Services s Heart Disease and Stroke s Cancer s Health Screenings
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Healthy People 2010 l 2 Broad Goals s Increase quality and years of healthy life s Eliminate health disparities l 4 Primary Objectives s Promote healthy behaviors s Promote healthy and safe communities s Improve systems for personal and public health s Prevent and reduce diseases and disorders
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Disease Prevention l any intervention that seeks to reduce or eliminate diagnosable conditions; it may be applied at the individual level, as in immunization, or the community level, as in chlorination of the water supply
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Primary Prevention l Measures taken to prevent the disease from occurring such as: s healthy lifestyle habits s Immunizations
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Secondary Prevention l Measures undertaken to facilitate early detection s Screenings s Diagnostic tests
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Tertiary Prevention l Measures to minimize complications or exacerbation of injury or disease. s Rehabilitation Therapy s Patient counseling
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Discussion Time l Identify all three levels of prevention as they apply to a health problem or threat to health such as injury or vaccine preventable disease l Be sure to include consideration of all of the determinants of health!
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Summary l There are various definitions of “health” l A number of factors determine our health, including genetics, physical factors, social factors, healthcare and lifestyle factors. l Health promotion and disease prevention are related to identifying strategies to prevent disease and injury.
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