1. Bioenergy at UF/IFAS

2. Jay Milton Marianna Quincy Live Oak  Gainesville Apopka Brooksville Lake Alfred Balm Vero Beach Ft. Pierce Belle Glade Ft. Lauderdale Immokalee Homestead Bioenergy Feedstocks in Florida 15 million acres of forest land 10 million acres of farm land #1 in sugarcane and citrus #1 in forest residues #1 in urban wood waste

3. Potential Energy Crop in FL Potential Output (Dry Tons/ Acre/Year) Potential Acres for Production Potential Total Dry Tons (millions) Is It Ready for Production? Yes/No Research Projects Underway? Yes/No Agricultural Crops Sugarcane25250,000 6.25Yes Sweet Sorghum13100,000 1.3Yes Bunch Grasses (elephantgrass, energycane) 22100,000 2.2Yes Silage Corn 3100,000 0.3Yes Potatoes 3 50,000 0.15Yes Sweet Potatoes 2 20,000 0.04Yes Hay 2.5 500,000 1.25Yes Forest Trees Pines 85,000,00040Yes Eucalyptus141,000,00014Yes Cottonwood101,000,00010Yes Agricultural & Forestry Waste Veg/Fruit Waste 0.8 500,000 0.4 Yes Urb. Tree Waste 15,000,000 5Yes For./Mill Residue 1.49,000,000 12.6Yes Sweet Sorghum Silage Corn Grasses Trees Urban Tree Waste Vegetable Waste Sugarcane Data Compiled and Calculated by Drs. Mary Duryea & George Hochmuth; UF/IFAS; May 2007

4. Our Potential in Florida: Agricultural Crops:11.49 mill tons/yr Tree Crops:64 mill. tons/yr Ag/Forestry Waste:18 mill. tons/yr 93.5 million dry tons biomass x (60 to 100 gal ethanol/ton) = Florida currently uses 8.6 billion gallons of gasoline per year Cellulosic Biomass for Ethanol 93.5 million dry tons/yr in Florida (7% of U.S. total) Potential Production of Ethanol Sweet Sorghum Silage Corn Grasses Trees Urban Tree Waste Vegetable Waste Sugarcane 5 to 9 billion gallons of ethanol per year in Florida The DOE reports that the U.S. can produce over 1.3 billion tons of cellulosic biomass per year.

5. Acid Hydrolysis Hemicellulose Syrup Fiber Residue (cellulose+lignin) Residue to Boiler Beer E.coli (cellulase) K.oxytoca (cellulase) Fungal Cellulase Nutrients SSF ETHANOL DistillationDistillation Cellulase Co-products Syrup “Detox” Biomass to Ethanol Process Team headed by Dr. Lonnie Ingram Over 20 patents for cellulosic ethanol Over 20 patents for cellulosic ethanol e.g. “Ethanol production from lignocellulose”, “Ethanol production using engineered E.coli” e.g. “Ethanol production from lignocellulose”, “Ethanol production using engineered E.coli” 2 spin-off companies 2 spin-off companies Verenium (Ethanol) Verenium (Ethanol) BioEnergy (Organic Acids) BioEnergy (Organic Acids)

6. UF/IFAS & Cellulosic Ethanol New Center of Excellence – Biofuel Pilot Plant $2.25 million – under construction in Gainesville New Research and Demonstration Cellulosic Ethanol Plant $20 million from State Legislature –To be located at FL Crystals near Belle Glade Goals = To accelerate commercial development of cellulosic ethanol processes and To provide alternative income sources for Florida agriculture and forestry.

7. UF/IFAS & Bioenergy: Developing Energy Crops: Increasing yield Improving processing efficiency

8. 1. Developing Energy Crops – Energycane, Grasses, and Sweet Sorghum 45 sugarcane hybrids selected for biomass production are being evaluated at Everglades REC The best performing hybrids will be evaluated for cellulosic conversion to ethanol hybrids could produce over 2,000 gallons of ethanol per acre

9. 1. Developing Energy Crops – Grasses -- High Biomass Crops Other high biomass crops being investigated include: –Giant reed –Erianthus –Elephantgrass –Miscanthus

10. Research is being conducted to: –Determine the best varieties for Florida –Evaluate fertilizer and water requirements Results will help investors and growers make informed decisions on sweet sorghum as an energy crop 1. Developing Energy Crops – Sweet Sorghum

11. John Davis Molecular Genetics/ Genomics Dudley Huber Quantitative Genetics/ Tree Improvement Matias Kirst Quantitative Genetics/ Genomics Eric Jokela Production Ecology/ Silviculture Tim Martin Tree Physiology/ Ecophysiology Gary Peter Biochemistry/ Molecular Genetics Multidisciplinary Forest Genomics Team 2. Developing Energy Crops – Improving Processing Efficiency

12. wood specific gravity Wood properties are genetically controlled. cell wall chemistry lignin hemicellulose cellulose earlylate 2. Developing Energy Crops – Improving Processing Efficiency

13. Target Traits for Bioenergy Production Fast Growth - high yield per unit input Biological Conversion –High carbohydrate content –High ‘easy-to-utilize’ carbohydrates –Low lignin, low extractives Thermal Conversion –High energy content –High wood density, low water –High lignin, high extractives cell wall chemistry lignin hemicellulose cellulose 2. Developing Energy Crops – Improving Processing Efficiency

14. Discovered a new gene that will help ethanol production –  Naturally occurring gene in the tree species Populus  Leads to a reduction in lignin content by almost half  Results in faster growth and  Has higher cellulose content.  This combination is highly favorable for increased ethanol production.

15. Environmental Impacts & Sustainability Water, Waste, Air, Soil, Wildlife, Climate, Energy Balance, Life Cycle Studies, … Energy Crops and Agricultural & Forestry Waste Crops: Grasses, Sugarcane, Sorghum, Trees; Waste: Forest & Mill Residue, Urban Wood Waste, Dairy Waste, Bagasse, … Conversion Engineering Hydrolysis / Fermentation/ Distillation, Thermal Conversion, Anaerobic Digestion, Gasification, …. Bioenergy Cellulosic Ethanol, Biodiesel, Biogas, Bioelectricity, Bioproducts, Butanol; By-products, …. Economics & Policy Subsidies, Incentives, Taxes, Rural Development, Incorporating Market Externalities e.g. C Credits, … Bioenergy Research & Extension at UF/IFAS

16. We can: Advance the science of bioenergy. Accelerate the commercialization of renewable biofuels and chemicals. Contribute substantially to global sustainable energy supply. With: UF’s expertise in bioenergy + UF/Industry/Government/Private partnerships + Florida’s capacity to grow biomass