1. Fossil Fuels Problems Carbon Emissions Global Warming Dependence on other countries Annual U.S. Imports of crude oil(2008): 4.7 billion barrels Oil that ends up in the world oceans annually (Est. 2008): 706 million gallons Known world oil reserves (Est. 2009): 1.342 Trillion barrels Supply

2. Clean Renewable Energy Renewable Energy is any method of producing energy by means of renewable resources with little or no adverse effect on the surrounding environment. Produces no environmental harm Completely renewable

3. Possibilities Wind Solar Biofuel Geothermal Water/Hydro

4. Wind Process Giant turbines resembling fans are installed in areas of high air flow. Those turbines are then spun by the air flow. The energy produced by their movement is then transmitted to the local power grid. Advantages Completely renewable No carbon emissions Low maintenance costs once installed Virtually no environmental impact Disadvantages Expensive to erect Visually unappealing Unreliable flow of energy Lack of transmission grids

5. Solar Process Solar Heat is collected through panels located in sunny areas. The heat is then used to turn water into steam, which may then be used to generate electricity to be transferred into the local power grid. Disadvantages Challenge to find locations for large solar farms for mass energy production Advantages Completely renewable No carbon emissions Low maintenance costs once installed

6. Biofuel Process Biomass refers to the combustion of recently-live substances for the production of energy. Plants ranging from corn to sugar cane, have the ability to be burned for fuel in a process similar to the burning of fossil fuels. However, while the processes for burning both are very similar, biomass produces far less environmental damage. Advantages Easy conversion from fossil fuels Reduces the amount of carbon in the atmosphere Easily renewable Sustainable Sources For example sugarcane and corn Disadvantages Aside from carbon, it still produces the same pollutants as fossil fuels Relatively inefficient Expensive to produce Decreases available land for food cultivation, and reduces crops reserved for food consumption

7. Geothermal Process Energy originating from the creation of the planet, decay of radioactive particles, and the absorption of sunrays, is trapped below the earth’s surface. By drilling into the earth’s crust and using one of multiple techniques, it is possible to extract that energy in the form of hot water Advantages Completely renewable Requires very little land area Creates no pollution Extremely efficient for space heating Disadvantages High start up costs Inefficient for electricity generation Limited by geography

8. Water/Hydropower Process Hydropower comes from the harnessing of water movements to turn large turbines which, in turn, generate electricity with the energy transferred from the water. Tidal Ocean Current Waves Dams Advantages Completely renewable Creates no negative emissions Diversified sources Extremely efficient - Dams Disadvantages Isolated area of production High start-up costs Electricity transmission problems Environmental impact – Dams

9. Mr. Francis’s Class Solar Owen S Alli K Zacharie Chloe Ryan Rachel Wind Kayla Shannon Gianna C Noah Daniela Emma F Geothermal Kirsti Brenden Sean Dylan Nick Kevin Water Jacob Sam Kay Blake Kellen Colin Biofuel Avery Danilo Aritra Daniel Tara Gianna M

10. Mrs. Seabrook’s Class SolarWindGeothermalWaterBiofuel