2. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

3. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

4. Routes of Administration a. oral easy self-administration prolonged effect stomach distress some drugs not orally effective b. topical applied only to needed area poor absorption c. rectal infants and unconscious adults variable absorption d. inhalation rapid onset/offset irritation e. injection rapid onset good control of dosage requires sterile conditions

5. Injection Route a. Intravenous (i.v.)- into vein b. Subcutaneous (s.c.)- under skin c. Intraperitoneal (i.p.)- into peritoneal cavity d. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)- into cerebral ventricle e. Intrathecal- into spinal fluid f. Epidural- into space that surrounds the dura of spinal cord g. Intramuscular (i.m.)- into muscle

7. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

9. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

11. Comparing Dose-Effect Curves % of Maximal Effect [Drug] Drug A Drug C Drug B

12. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

14. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

15. Saturation

16. Scatchard plot

17. RECEPTOR-LIGAND BINDING Must be saturable Must be reversible Must be specific If it is a receptor, there must be a biological effect

18. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

19. % Maximum Effect [Drug]

21. % of Maximal Effect [Drug] Agonist Agonist + competitive antagonist Agonist + non-competitive antagonist

22. Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

23. NEUROTRANSMITTER CRITERIA Must be localized in neuron Must be released with stimulation Must be mimicked with exogenous application Must be pharmacologically active at receptor