1. Hardware for VR Part 1 of 4 Capps, Darken & Zyda Naval Postgraduate School {Capps,Darken,Zyda}@cs.nps.navy.mil Capps, Darken & Zyda Naval Postgraduate School {Capps,Darken,Zyda}@cs.nps.navy.mil

2. Overview Visual Displays Spatial 6DOF Trackers Hand Devices Spatial Sound Systems Graphics Engines Miscellany Visual Displays Spatial 6DOF Trackers Hand Devices Spatial Sound Systems Graphics Engines Miscellany

3. Input Devices Position/Orientation (6 DOF) TrackersTrackers –Magnetic –Ultrasonic –Optical –Mechanical –Inertial Position/Orientation (6 DOF) TrackersTrackers –Magnetic –Ultrasonic –Optical –Mechanical –Inertial Position/Orientation (6 DOF) HandHand –Mouse –Spaceball –Dial Box

4. Input Devices Command/Selection GesturesGestures –Fiber Optic –Resistance –Mechanical –Optical Command/Selection GesturesGestures –Fiber Optic –Resistance –Mechanical –Optical SpeechSpeech –Isolated –Connected –Continuous BiofeedbackBiofeedback –EMG (Muscle) –EOG (Eye) –EEG (Brain)

5. Output Devices Visual Head MountedHead Mounted –LCD –Fiber Optic –CRT Boom MountedBoom Mounted –CRT Visual Head MountedHead Mounted –LCD –Fiber Optic –CRT Boom MountedBoom Mounted –CRT Visual Flat ScreenFlat Screen –CRT –Projector

6. Output Devices Speech Synthesis PrerecordedPrerecorded Text to SpeechText to SpeechAuditory HeadphonesHeadphones External SpeakersExternal Speakers Speech Synthesis PrerecordedPrerecorded Text to SpeechText to SpeechAuditory HeadphonesHeadphones External SpeakersExternal SpeakersTactile Air BladdersAir Bladders Vibrating TransducersVibrating Transducers Memory MetalsMemory MetalsHaptic GloveGlove Mechanical ArmMechanical Arm

7. Visual Displays - the “perfect” display light weightlight weight low powerlow power wireless (non-tethered)wireless (non-tethered) high resolutionhigh resolution full colorfull color wide (variable) field of viewwide (variable) field of view variable opacityvariable opacity light weightlight weight low powerlow power wireless (non-tethered)wireless (non-tethered) high resolutionhigh resolution full colorfull color wide (variable) field of viewwide (variable) field of view variable opacityvariable opacity

8. HMD Components

9. Head-Mounted Displays Characteristics are highly dependent on the technology used in the light-emitting componentCharacteristics are highly dependent on the technology used in the light-emitting component Early attempts used LEDs but were monochrome. (Private Eye displays)Early attempts used LEDs but were monochrome. (Private Eye displays) Current technology of choice is LCDs which now allow color but are limited in resolution and have high power consumptionCurrent technology of choice is LCDs which now allow color but are limited in resolution and have high power consumption We are awaiting the next breakthrough technology....We are awaiting the next breakthrough technology.... Characteristics are highly dependent on the technology used in the light-emitting componentCharacteristics are highly dependent on the technology used in the light-emitting component Early attempts used LEDs but were monochrome. (Private Eye displays)Early attempts used LEDs but were monochrome. (Private Eye displays) Current technology of choice is LCDs which now allow color but are limited in resolution and have high power consumptionCurrent technology of choice is LCDs which now allow color but are limited in resolution and have high power consumption We are awaiting the next breakthrough technology....We are awaiting the next breakthrough technology....

10. HIT Lab - Virtual Retinal Display http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/vrd/http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/vrd/

11. HIT Lab - Virtual Retinal Display Licensed to MicronicsLicensed to Micronics What they’d like it to look like…What they’d like it to look like… Licensed to MicronicsLicensed to Micronics What they’d like it to look like…What they’d like it to look like…

12. HIT Lab - Virtual Retinal Display What it really looks like in 2001What it really looks like in 2001 Shown in AR Section of Emerging Technologies at SIGGRAPH 20001Shown in AR Section of Emerging Technologies at SIGGRAPH 20001 What it really looks like in 2001What it really looks like in 2001 Shown in AR Section of Emerging Technologies at SIGGRAPH 20001Shown in AR Section of Emerging Technologies at SIGGRAPH 20001

13. The Private Eye

14. UNC/AFIT HMD

15. UNC See-Thru Display

16. The Virtual Research VR4

17. High-End Displays Kaiser Sim-EyeCAE Electronics

18. BOOM - Binocular Omni- Orientation Monitor Another approach was to use the best display technology available (which was CRTs at the time) and to mount them on a counterbalanced arm to offset the weight.Another approach was to use the best display technology available (which was CRTs at the time) and to mount them on a counterbalanced arm to offset the weight.

19. BOOM - Binocular Omni- Orientation Monitor This work was pioneered at NASA Ames and now is done exclusively by Fakespace Inc.This work was pioneered at NASA Ames and now is done exclusively by Fakespace Inc. –http://www.fakespace.com This work was pioneered at NASA Ames and now is done exclusively by Fakespace Inc.This work was pioneered at NASA Ames and now is done exclusively by Fakespace Inc. –http://www.fakespace.com

20. Fakespace PUSH BOOM One problem with the BOOM devices is that they are very heavy and bulky.One problem with the BOOM devices is that they are very heavy and bulky. What many people wanted was a display that could fit on their desk and be used in concert with their workstation display.What many people wanted was a display that could fit on their desk and be used in concert with their workstation display. One problem with the BOOM devices is that they are very heavy and bulky.One problem with the BOOM devices is that they are very heavy and bulky. What many people wanted was a display that could fit on their desk and be used in concert with their workstation display.What many people wanted was a display that could fit on their desk and be used in concert with their workstation display.

21. Fakespace PUSH BOOM The PUSH display stands on three isometric arms that sense intended movement but do not allow large movements to take place.The PUSH display stands on three isometric arms that sense intended movement but do not allow large movements to take place. It has a very small footprint and is cheaper than its larger counterparts.It has a very small footprint and is cheaper than its larger counterparts. The PUSH display stands on three isometric arms that sense intended movement but do not allow large movements to take place.The PUSH display stands on three isometric arms that sense intended movement but do not allow large movements to take place. It has a very small footprint and is cheaper than its larger counterparts.It has a very small footprint and is cheaper than its larger counterparts.