1. ashing ~ 1100°C preheated airflow – to avoid cooling & ensure good uniformity rapid air changes – to provide air/oxygen and carry fumes away heavy duty ceramic material construction - to ensure longevity elements covered by insulation – to ensure no contamination

2. ashing ~ 1100°C preheated airflow – to avoid cooling rapid air changes – to provide air/oxygen and carry fumes away heavy duty ceramic material construction - to ensure longevity elements covered by insulation – to ensure no contamination AAF11/3 & 7 Design

3. ashing ~ 1100°C preheated airflow – to avoid cooling air changes – to provide air/oxygen and carry fumes away heavy duty SiC tiles covering elements to protect - to ensure longevity AAF11/18 Element SiC protective tile AAF11/18 design Air flow inlets

4. air is drawn between insulation layers, pre-heating incoming airflow inlet chimney pre heating AAF11/3 & 7 pre heating

5. uniformity graph The coloured lines indicate temp measurement and therefore show good uniformity from front (left) to rear (right) of chamber

6. ashing ~ applications some typical examples: ashing enviromental samples ~ Yorkshire Water Co ashing paint samples ~ Nippon Paint Co ashing rubber samples ~ Avon Rubber Co ashing of food containers ~ Rexon Packaging Co After ashing the samples are analyised using IC or AA