1. DO NOW: What are the two divisions of the nervous system? What are the two divisions of the nervous system? What are the parts that make up the two divisions? What are the parts that make up the two divisions? Turn in your exam 2 if you have not done so yet (including the essay)! Turn in your exam 2 if you have not done so yet (including the essay)!

2. The PNS and Endocrine System AP Psychology Ms. Desgrosellier 10.19.2009

3. Objectives: SWBAT identify the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, and describe their functions. SWBAT identify the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, and describe their functions. SWBAT contrast the simplicity of the reflex pathways with the complexity of neural networks. SWBAT contrast the simplicity of the reflex pathways with the complexity of neural networks. SWBAT describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous system. SWBAT describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous system.

4. The Peripheral Nervous System Somatic nervous system: the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles; also known as the skeletal nervous system. Somatic nervous system: the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles; also known as the skeletal nervous system. Voluntary control of your skeletal muscles Voluntary control of your skeletal muscles

5. The Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic nervous system: the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. Autonomic nervous system: the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. It can be consciously controlled, but it usually operates on its own. It can be consciously controlled, but it usually operates on its own. e.g. heartbeat, digestion, etc. e.g. heartbeat, digestion, etc.

6. Autonomic Nervous System: Two Divisions sympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. sympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. accelerates heart rate; raises blood pressure; slows digestion; raises blood sugar; causes you to sweat. accelerates heart rate; raises blood pressure; slows digestion; raises blood sugar; causes you to sweat.

7. Autonomic Nervous System: Two Divisions parasympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. parasympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. slows heart rate; lowers blood pressure; etc. slows heart rate; lowers blood pressure; etc. See Figure 4.7 See Figure 4.7

9. Nervous System Tree Form a group of 4 with the people sitting closest to you. Form a group of 4 with the people sitting closest to you. Assemble the Nervous System “tree” (like a family tree) moving from broad to specific (HINT: the Nervous System is the top box). Assemble the Nervous System “tree” (like a family tree) moving from broad to specific (HINT: the Nervous System is the top box). Raise your hands when you are finished! Raise your hands when you are finished!

10. Nervous System Tree

12. The Central Nervous System What are the two parts? What are the two parts?

13. Spinal Cord Connects the PNS to the brain. Connects the PNS to the brain. Contains neural pathways that control our reflexes Contains neural pathways that control our reflexes reflex: a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response. reflex: a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response.

14. Spinal Cord Simple spinal reflex pathway is made up of a single sensory neuron and a single motor neuron (e.g. the knee-jerk response) Simple spinal reflex pathway is made up of a single sensory neuron and a single motor neuron (e.g. the knee-jerk response) Similar to the pain reflex Similar to the pain reflex

15. Hand-withdrawal reflex

16. The Brain and Neural Networks The brain receives information, interprets it, and decides responses (like a computer). The brain receives information, interprets it, and decides responses (like a computer).

17. The Brain and Neural Networks neural networks: interconnected neural cells neural networks: interconnected neural cells With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. Neurons network with nearby neurons with which they can have short, fast connections. Neurons network with nearby neurons with which they can have short, fast connections.

18. The Brain and Neural Networks

19. The Endocrine System the body’s “slow” chemical communication system the body’s “slow” chemical communication system a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream “Slow” = several seconds or more to carry a hormone to its target tissue “Slow” = several seconds or more to carry a hormone to its target tissue However, their effects usually last longer than a neural message However, their effects usually last longer than a neural message

20. The Endocrine System hormones: chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another. hormones: chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another. They originate in one tissue, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues, including the brain. They originate in one tissue, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues, including the brain. Some hormones are chemically identical to neurotransmitters Some hormones are chemically identical to neurotransmitters They also influence many aspects of our lives – growth, reproduction, metabolism, mood, etc. They also influence many aspects of our lives – growth, reproduction, metabolism, mood, etc.

21. The Endocrine System Adrenal glands: a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. Adrenal glands: a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar, which causes a surge of energy. Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar, which causes a surge of energy. Even when the emergency passes, the hormones and the feelings of excitement last a little longer Even when the emergency passes, the hormones and the feelings of excitement last a little longer

22. The Endocrine System Pituitary gland: the endocrine system’s most influential gland. Controlled by the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. Pituitary gland: the endocrine system’s most influential gland. Controlled by the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. The master gland The master gland

23. The Endocrine System

24. Nervous & Endocrine Systems The nervous and endocrine systems are closely related The nervous and endocrine systems are closely related brain  pituitary  other glands  hormones  brain brain  pituitary  other glands  hormones  brain NTs and hormones can crossover in the body and the difference between the two isn’t so clear. NTs and hormones can crossover in the body and the difference between the two isn’t so clear.