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Published byBonnie Rice Modified over 9 years ago
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First written constitution in Oklahoma. Legislative=unicameral, 10 reps from 3 districts Executive=3 district chiefs, 4 year terms, lighthorse of 18 peace officers
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Judicial=3 judges Bill of Rights
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At first, citizens of Choctaw Nation 1855, made treaty with Choctaws to make their own nation Constitution almost identical to Choctaws Capital at Tishomingo
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John Ross and “new” Cherokees didn’t want to accept government of existing Cherokees. They wanted to write a new constitution. June 22, 1839, signers of the Treaty of New Echota were killed.
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Stand Watie sought revenge. Blood feud lasted 7 years. Constitution conventions held. 1840, new constitution written. Tahlequah is capital.
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Lower Creeks and Upper Creeks were divided but got along. Not centralized, almost 50 towns in a confederation each with a chief and 2 nd chief
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National Council organized in 1840 1859, first written constitution, still had division of Upper and Lower, chiefs became elected positions
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Least organized, didn’t want to join Creeks 25 towns with chiefs Annual summer meeting of town chiefs
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Some Seminoles and Creeks created a colony in Mexico 1856, Creeks granted Seminoles independence with own land
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Farm sites for fruits and vegetables Fields of cotton Slavery=less harsh in Indian Territory, some could marry and have property Choctaw slaves composed “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”
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Ranching=cattle, sheep, goats, horses, hogs Commerce evolved and towns grew as trading centers Manufacturing
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Transportation = ◦ Texas Road-Highway 69 (northeast/southwest) ◦ California Trail (east/west) ◦ Butterfield Road (stagecoach line to link St.Louis and Los Angeles) ◦ Red and Arkansas Rivers by keelboats and steamboats
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Traditional Presbyterian: ABCFM, Byington and Worcester, Wheelock Church Baptist: opposed slavery Methodist: circuit-riding preachers Moravians
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Many female missionaries Missionaries taught the gospel, practiced medicine, opposed alcohol, advised tribal leaders, converted languages into written form, opened schools
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Almost every mission had a day school Boarding schools created Used annuities from treaties and mission funds
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Reading, writing, math, history, Latin, Greek, philosophy, biology, astronomy and the Bible Vocational training too Cherokees separated church and state
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Interaction with each other, western tribes, and US government. International councils to discuss problems. Problems with Mexico and Texas. New forts created
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