1. Final Exam Tuesday May 7 7 - 10 pm Foellinger Auditorium Conflict exam: Thursday May 9 sign up with Karin Nelson EEE 105 http://www.life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ Name: eee105Password: prAIRie 7 - 10 pm

2. Final Exam Tuesday May 7 7 - 10 pm Foellinger Auditorium Review: Sunday May 5 5 pm 112 Gregory EEE 105 http://www.life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ Name: eee105Password: prAIRie

3. Final Exam Tuesday May 7 7 - 10 pm Foellinger Auditorium Coverage: cumulative with special emphasis on March 4, 8, 11 & April 10 - May 1 EEE 105 http://www.life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ Name: eee105Password: prAIRie

4. Air Pollution Chapter 17

5. Acid Rain SO 2 - sulfur dioxide coal burning NO x -- nitrates traffic Hydrocarbons solvents and trees CO -- carbon monoxide

6. Acid Rain

7. Acidification of Lakes Erosion of limestone

8. Acid Rain Acidification of Lakes Erosion of limestone

9. Acid Rain Acidification of Lakes Erosion of limestone Stress on forests

10. Acid Rain The worst example: Sudbury, Ontario Nickel smelting world’s largest SO 2 emitter world’s largest SO 2 emitter Inco, Ltd.

11. Acid Rain The worst example: Sudbury, Ontario killed vegetation & lakes now capture SO 2 and make sulfuric acid

12. Acid Rain The worst example: Sudbury, Ontario (1/23/2001) Canadian Smelters Pumping 2.3 Million Pounds of Toxic Heavy Metals - Arsenic, Mercury, Lead - Into Environment Each Year. The Canadian Environmental Defense Fund said mining smelters in Canada released more than 2.3 million pounds of heavy metals in 1998, including arsenic, mercury, lead and nickel compounds, all highly poisonous and harmful to people's health and the environment. The fund said the worst polluter was Inco Ltd., the western world's largest nickel miner, which released 1.1 million pounds of heavy metal into the environment from its facilities in Ontario and Manitoba.

13. Photochemical smog

14. NO + O 2 NO 2 smog UV NO + O O2O2 O3O3 ozone

15. Photochemical smog

17. Ozone

18. Ozone

19. Air Pollution Public health consequences Asthma

20. Air Pollution Public health consequences Asthma

21. Air Pollution Public health consequences

22. Deaths - US estimates of annual deaths = 7,000 - 180,000. If include indoor air pollution, 150,000 - 350,000. Costs - According to EPA and American Lung Association, air pollution costs US minimum of $150 Billion annually in health care and lost worker productivity, with $100 Billion of that related to indoor air pollution. Air Pollution Public health consequences

23. Stratospheric Ozone absorbs UV light

24. Stratospheric Ozone

25. UVUV

26. C B A

27. Stratospheric Ozone Erythemal Response Spectrum

28. Stratospheric Ozone Erythemal Response Spectrum

29. Stratospheric Ozone UV-b UV-a

30. Stratospheric Ozone

32. 1974: chloroflurocarbons responsible

33. u Properties –Developed in 1930’s –Chemically stable –Odorless –Non-flammable –Non-corrosive –Cheap CFCs u Uses –Appliance coolants –Spray propellants –Styrofoam building blocks

34. Stratospheric Ozone 1974: chloroflurocarbons responsible 1987 & 1989: Industrialized countries pledge phase-out

35. Stratospheric Ozone 1974: chloroflurocarbons responsible 1987 & 1989: Industrialized countries pledge phase-out

36. Stratospheric Ozone 1974: chloroflurocarbons responsible 1987 & 1989: Industrialized countries pledge phase-out

37. Stratospheric Ozone 1974: chloroflurocarbons responsible 1987 & 1989: Industrialized countries pledge phase-out It will take many years for CFC reduction to improve the ozone shield Artic ozone is also thinning

38. Global warming 1997 was the warmest year

39. Global warming

41. Oct 26, 2000 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes that global warming is worse than realized World could warm 11 F over next 100 years Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are causing global warming

42. GREENHOUSE GASES –Carbon Dioxide - fossil fuel burning, land clearing/burning. –Chlorofluorocarbons - refrigerants. –Methane - Breakdown of organic material by anaerobic bacteria. –Nitrous Oxide - Biomass burning, breakdown of nitrogen-rich products.

43. Global warming