1. Ancient Greece
Warring City-States

2. Key Terms Polis Acropolis Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Democracy
Helots
Phalanx

3. Greek City-States
Polis, political unit in Ancient Greece made up of city and surrounding villages
Acropolis, fortified hilltop, or the agora, a marketplace, was where citizens gathered

4. Greek Governments Monarchy Aristocracy Ruled by a king
Rule is hereditary
Some rulers claim divine right
State ruled by nobility
Rule is hereditary and based on family, social rank, and wealth
Social status and wealth support rulers’ authority

5. Greek Governments Oligarchy Democracy
State ruled by small group of citizens
Rule based on wealth and ability
Ruling groups control military
State ruled by citizens
Rule is based on citizenship
Majority rule decides vote

6. Athens Initially an aristocracy Power struggles between rich and poor
Reformed government to democracy
Citizens participated directly in politics

7. Building Democracy Draco
621 B.C.
Developed legal code that all Athenians were equal, rich or poor
Dealt harshly with criminals
Death punishment for almost every crime
Allowed debt slavery

8. Building Democracy Solon
594 B.C.
Outlawed debt slavery
Created social classes, but all could still participate in gov’t
Any citizen could charge wrongdoer with a crime

9. Building Democracy Cleisthenes
Organized citizens by region, not wealth
Created representative government

10. Life in Athens Sons of wealthy families received education
Began school around age of 7
Reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, and music
Lessons in logic and public speaking
Spent time each day on fitness
When older, military school to prepare for defending Athens

11. Women in Athens Educated at home by mothers
Child-rearing, weaving, cooking, managing the household, and other skills for good wives and mothers
Very little to do with Athens society outside of the home

12. Sparta Located part of southern Greece known as Peloponnesus
Separated from other Greek city-states
Military state instead of democracy

13. Sparta Several branches of government Democratic assembly
Council of Elders proposed laws
2 kings ruled military forces
3 social classes: citizens, non-citizens, and helots, or peasants forced to stay on the land they worked

14. Sparta Most powerful army in Greece from 600 to 371 B.C.
Individual expression was discouraged
Did not value the arts, literature, or other artistic and intellectual pursuits
Valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, individuality, beauty, and learning
What’s your profession?

15. Life of a Spartan Inspected at birth
Boys taken from home at age of 7, living in army barracks
Trained and stayed in barracks until age of 30
Expected to serve in army until age of 60

16. Life in Spartan Barracks
Spent days marching, exercising, and fighting
Trained outside no matter weather
Only light tunics and no shoes
Slept on hard benches without blankets
Served little food, and encouraged to steal
Produce tough, resourceful soldiers

17. Reflection
Predict which city-state, Athens or Sparta, would last longer. Explain your reasoning for this choice.