1. The City and Security Era 1--The Walled City: 500 AD to 1700 Era 2--The Unwalled City: 1700 to 9/11/2001 Era 3--Securing the Unwalled City: April 8, 2003 to Implosion of the Unwalled City Era 4--Return to the Walled City: Beginning with Implosion of the Unwalled City

2. Louis XIV: The Sun King (1643-1715) L’Etat, C’est Moi (The State, That’s Me)

3. Walled Paris: 17 th Century 17 th Century Paris: Population 100,000 17 th Century London: Population 40,000

4. Unwalled Paris April 3, 2005

5. From Walled to Unwalled City: The Crucial Role of the Nation State City # 1City # 2 Trade Routes Land Routes: State Controlled Army Sea Routes: State Controlled Navy

6. Era 3: Securing the Unwalled City Phase I: Urban Area Security Initiative (April 8, 2003) (Pork Barrel Urban Security) Phase II: Re-Engineering the City: Systematic Infrastructure Protection  December 17, 2003—HSPD # 7

7. Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI)

8. Ohio—(UASI) Ohio 2005 UASI Allocation: $26 million $26 million divided by 4 Ohio Cities: Cleveland Toledo Columbus Cincinnati

9. HSPD-7 (issued December 17, 2003) directed the development of a National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). HSPD-7 specifies the following key content elements:  A strategy to identify, prioritize, and coordinate CI/KR protection;  Descriptions of activities which support each element of the strategy;  A summary of initiatives for sharing CI/KR information and for providing CI/KR threat warning data; and  Coordination and integration with other Federal emergency management and preparedness activities. Phase II: Systematic Infrastructure Protection

10. The Not so Hidden Message in HSPD # 7 A Federal Top Down Hierarchical Strategy

11. The Initial Problems of Federal Strategy Distinguishing Between Critical and Non Critical Infrastructure Problem I

12. Critical Infrastructure/ Key Resources (CI/KR ) Critical Infrastructure/Key Resources (CI/KR) include the assets, systems, networks and functions that provide vital services to the nation. (NIPP, June 2006, Page 7)

13. Critical Infrastructure: Definitions  “Key Resources” are the publicly or privately controlled resources essential to the minimal operations of the economy and government  “Key Assets” are the individual targets whose destruction could cause large-scale injury, death, or destruction of property, and/or profoundly damage our national prestige and confidence

14. Problem II: Categorizing Critical Infrastructure  Agriculture, food  Public Health and Healthcare  Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment  Energy: Production, Storage Distribution  Banking and Finance  National Monuments and Icons  Defense and Industrial Base  Information Technology  Telecommunications  Chemical  Transportation Systems  Emergency Services  Postal and Shipping  Dams  Government Facilities  Commercial Facilities  Nuclear Reactors, Materials And waste

15. Problem III: Horizontal Coordination The NIPP was officially released on June 30, 2006.

16. Coordination With States Coordination with the Private Sector Problem IV: Vertical Coordination

17. Solving Vertical Coordination: Sector-Specific Plan  Are tailored to address the unique characteristics and risk landscapes of each sector  Sector-Specific Agencies partner with SCCs and GCCs to develop the SSPs  Detail the application of the NIPP risk management framework across each sector  SSPs are to be submitted to DHS within 180 days after the NIPP is issued (December 31, 2006) Sector-Specific Plans Sector-Specific Plans (17)

18. Sector Partnership Model

19. Information Sharing and Protection

20. The Technological Challenge  Engineering New Efficient & Effective Technology  Sensor Technology  Integration of Multiple Sensor Data  Making Sensor Data Intelligible

21. Infrastructure Security Traditional Sensors Sensor & Data Stream Integration Cyber Security Geospatial Data Engineering Technology and Infrastructure Security

22. Integration of Sensor Data Government Fusion Center

23. UCII: Core Team  Arthur Helmicki  Sensor Experience: Structural Monitoring  Data Processing, Visualization  Victor Hunt  Sensor Experience: Structural Monitoring  Condition Assessment  James Stever  Sensor Experience: Military Interdiction  Policy Analysis  Intergovernmental Management More than 5 decades total experience, liaisons to the wider base of expertise at UC and elsewhere

24. The UC Critical Infrastructure Security Project  Extension of SETCP to Ohio  Extension of Dual Uses:  radiology, transportation infrastructure, traffic flow/emergency response  Multimodal:  Land/Inland Waterways, Layered to Increase Security  Interstates + Southern Border Initiative + Northern Border Initiative

25. References http://www.dhs.gov/xprevprot/programs/editorial_0827.shtm#0 National Infrastructure Protection Plan, 2006 Lewis Mumford. The Culture of Cities. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1970. Niall Ferguson. Collossus: The Price of America’s Empire. New York: Penquin Press, 2004 http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/Physical_Strategy.pdf National Strategy for Protection of Critical Infrastructure and Key Assets, 2003 Stephen Flynn. The Edge of Disaster. New York, Random House, 2007 America the Resilient: http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080301faessay87201/stephen-e- flynn/america-the-resilient.html http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080301faessay87201/stephen-e- flynn/america-the-resilient.html