1. Unit 3: The Renaissance

2. TIMELINE 1450-1500 Botticelli, La Primavera (1477)
Fall of Constantinople (1453)
Gutenberg Bible (1456)
Columbus Reaches the Americas (1492)

3.
Leonardo da Vinci,
Mona Lisa (1503)

4. cont.
Michelangelo,
David (1504)

5. Raphael, School of Athens (1505)
cont.
Raphael, School of Athens (1505)

6. cont.
Titian, Venus and the Lute Player (1570)

7. 1500-1600 cont. William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (1596)
Martin Luther’s
ninety-five theses,
start of the Protestant Reformation (1517)
Council of Trent ( )
Elizabeth I, Queen of England ( )
Spanish Armada defeated (1588)

8. “Renaissance”
15th and 16th century Europe known as a “rebirth” or “renaissance” of human activity

9. GENERALIZATIONS Exploration Individualism (“universal man”)
Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan
Individualism (“universal man”)
Leonardo da Vinci
Painter, sculptor, architect, engineer,
scientist, musician

10. Humanism The dominant intellectual movement
Focused on human life and its accomplishments
No concern with Heaven or Hell
Even though many were devout religious believers, they were captivated by the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome
Intoxicated with beauty of ancient languages – Greek and Latin – and with the literature of antiquity

11. Humanism cont…
Painters and sculptors drawn to subjects from classical literature/mythology
Art highlighted depictions of the nude body
a favorite theme of antiquity, but an object of shame and concealment during Middle Ages. Medieval artists more concerned with religious symbols rather than lifelike representation
Art more concerned in realism
Linear persepective – geometrical system for creating an illusion of space and depth.
Example: Raphael’s School of Athens

12. Example of
Medieval art

13. Example of Renaissance art
Raphael, School of Athens (1505)

14. Humanism cont…
Painters no longer treated the Virgin Mary as a childlike, unearthly creature—they showed her as a beautiful young woman

15. Catholic Church
Far less powerful, but the Christian church as a whole was still an important musical center
The unity of Christendom was exploded
by the Protestant Reformation led by
Martin Luther ( )
Aristocrats and upper middle class now
considered education a status symbol;
hired scholars to teach their kids
Church no longer monopolized learning

16. Technology Invention of the movable type printing
press by Gutenberg accelerated the
speed of learning
Before, books were rare and extremely expensive
By 1500, million copies of 40,000 editions had been printed in Europe

17. Chapter 1: MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE
Idea of the “universal man”
Every educated person was expected to be musically trained.

18. Musicians worked in churches, courts and towns
MUSIC IN THE REN., cont…
Musicians worked in churches, courts and towns
Churches
Church choirs grew
Polyphonic music was no longer performed by several soloists, but entire choirs

19. MUSIC IN THE REN., cont… Courts (where most activity occurred)
Kings, princes, dukes competed for best composers
Courts had musicians
Nobility often brought musicians along when traveling
Women employed in many Italian courts (late Renaissance)

20. MUSIC IN THE REN., cont… Towns
Musicians played for civic processions, weddings, religious services
Higher status and pay than before
Composers started seeking credit for their work, unlike the anonymity of the Middle Ages.

21. MUSIC IN THE REN., cont…
Most leading
musicians came
from the Low
Countries (Flanders)
Highly sought after,
mostly in Italy, which became center of musical life

22. CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC
Words and Music
Vocal more important than instrumental
Why?
More connection between music and meaning/emotion of the text
“When one of the words expresses weeping, pain, heartbreak, sighs, tears and other similar things, let the harmony be full of sadness.” –Zarlino (Renaissance music theorist)

23. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
Text Painting
Musical representation of specific poetic images.
How would you show:
“Running” “Descending from Heaven” “Death”
What are some other, less obvious ones?

24. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
Music still seems calm and restrained to us.
All the emotion and expression in Renaissance music is expressed in moderation, balance
No extreme dynamic contrast
Little tone color contrast
Little rhythmic contrast

25. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
What SHMRFT traits can you fill in so far?

26. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
Texture
Polyphonic
4, 5, or 6 voices, nearly equal melodic interest
Imitation
Each voice presents the same melodic idea in turn (as in a round)
Some homophonic texture is used, especially in light music, dances

27. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
Fuller sound
Bass register used for first time, increasing number of octaves heard
Composers began to think in chords, in addition to individual melodic lines
In Middle Ages, entire melody lines thought up one at a time and then combined.
In Renaissance, melodies were thought up in relation to how they accompany each other
Mild, relaxed
Lots of stable, consonant chords, many triads
Very little dissonance

28. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
“Golden Age” of a cappella choral music
Little instrumental accompaniment
2 Main uses for instruments
1. To duplicate vocal lines to reinforce the sound
2. Play the part of a missing singer
Now what can you add to your SHMRFT traits?

29. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
Rhythm
Gentle flow, not sharply defined beat
Each melodic line held great rhythmic independence
Made it challenging to sing – each singer had to be independently strong

30. CHARACTERISTICS, cont…
Melody
Melodies generally easy to sing
Moves stepwise, few large leaps
And your SHMRFT traits now?

31. LISTENING TO RENAISSANCE
Sicut Cervus
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

32. VOCABULARY REVIEW Renaissance Individualism “Universal man” Humanism
Realism
Linear Perspective
Text Painting/Word Painting
Imitation
Consonance/Dissonance
A cappella

33. UNIT III PRESENTATIONS
Exploration: Columbus, da Gama, Magellan
Kieryn
Claire
Chris
Taimoor
Art: da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
Emma
Aaron
Sami
Ryan
Literature: William Shakespeare
Anna
Andrew
Nathan
Nick
Technology: Movable Type Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible
Kalyn
Julian
Blake
Jacob
Religion: Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation
Dominique
Phil
Alec
Bilal