1. Chapter 11 MSC 160 - Oceanography InstructorJacqui Jenkins OfficeS204D Phone910-362-7405 Emailjjenkins@cfcc.edu Office Hours

2. Chapter 12 What is Oceanography? Broad field Biological, chemical, geological, physical Ocean engineering

3. Chapter 13 Humans & The World Oceans Why study the world ocean? Historically Curiosity Currently Marine resources, trade & commerce, national security, global climate Human Impacts

4. Chapter 14 History of Oceanography Early Times Food gathering Egyptians Exploration Phoenicians Trade & Navy

5. Chapter 15 Early Times Polynesians SW Pacific http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Navigation/sidereal/sidereal2.html

6. Chapter 16

7. 7 Early Times Middle Eastern peoples Exploration of Indian Ocean Trade routes to India and China

8. Chapter 18 Early Times Greeks Alexander the Great Pytheas Aristotle Eratosthenes Posidonius Pliny the Elder Ptolemy

9. Chapter 19

10. 10 Middle Ages Vikings

11. Chapter 111 Middle Ages Arabs Preservation of Greek & Roman knowledge Trade routes to China European Resurgence Tide tables Early Greek studies available

12. Chapter 112 Voyages of Discovery Early Chinese 15 th century Pacific & Indian Oceans

13. Chapter 113 Voyages of Discovery Europe Prince Henry the Navigator Bartholomeu Dias Vasco de Gama

14. Chapter 114

15. Chapter 115 Voyages of Discovery Europe Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Francis Drake

16. Chapter 116

17. Chapter 117 Beginnings of Earth Science 17 th Century Experimental science Johannes Kepler Planetary motion Galileo Galilei Mass, weight & acceleration Isaac Newton Law of gravity

18. Chapter 118 Charts & Navigation 1 st hydrographic offices: France 1720 Britain 1795 Time and longitude John Harrison’s chronometer

19. Chapter 119 Capt. James Cook One of the founders of oceanography Detailed and accurate observations & charts

20. Chapter 120

21. Chapter 121

22. Chapter 122 Lt. Matthew F. Maury Wind & current charts International cooperation Physical Geography of the Sea, 1855

23. Chapter 123 Ocean Science Begins Biologists & Naturalists Collect, describe & classify organisms

24. Chapter 124 Ocean Science Begins Late 19 th century Importance of govt. support Laying of transatlantic cable Challenger Expedition Comprehensive Began Oceanography as a modern science

25. Chapter 125

26. Chapter 126

27. Chapter 127 Oceanography as Science Transformation of Oceanography Descriptive  Quantitative Testing hypotheses Models of ocean circulation

28. Chapter 128 Oceanography as Science Fridtjof Nansen Voyage of the Fram Nansen bottle

29. Chapter 129 Oceanography as Science International scientific cooperation Motivated by fluctuations in commercial fish stocks http://www.ices.dk/indexfla.asp Advances in theoretical oceanography Development of new instruments

30. Chapter 130 Oceanography in the 20 th century Scripps - 1903 WHOI - 1930 Rapid advances in WWII International cooperation

31. Chapter 131 Deep Sea Drilling Program 1968 JOIDES Resolution http://www- odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html

32. Chapter 132

33. Chapter 133 Recent Past, Present & Future Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems Cross disciplinary research Integrated approach Large scale oceanographic programs Climate: WOCE, JGOFS, GOALS, Structure and history of the Earth: DODP, RIDGE Satellites; TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Project NEPTUNE