1. Global Compacts: Building a Better World for All Vinay Bhargava Global Issues Seminar Series June 22, 2006

2. 2 Global Compacts Build on Successes and Challenges of Last Decades Successes Agricultural productivity- Science and technological progress Elimination of certain diseases (smallpox, river blindness) Increase in literacy rates in developing countries Advances in Education Rise in incomes per capita China, Hungary, India, Ireland, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Thailand Boom in international trade End of Colonialism Spread of Democracy, free media, and civil liberties

3. 3 Global Compacts Build on Successes and Challenges of Last Decades Challenges: Out of 6 billion people, 1 billion have 80 % of the world’s income-other 5 billion have the remaining 20 %. Nearly half this world lives on under $2 per day. One billion people have no access to clean water. Over 100 million children never get the chance to go to school. More than 40 million people in the developing countries are HIV positive. The average US or Canadian citizen uses 9 times more energy than the average person in China. Forest are being cut down relentlessly. Oceans are warming and fish stock is being depleted. More than 2 billion people will be added to the planet's population – most of them born into poverty.

4. 4 Global Compacts for the 21st Century The Millennium Declaration- UN Millennium Summit, New York, (September 6-8, 2000) The Doha Declaration on Trade- Fourth Ministerial Conference of the WTO, Doha, Qatar, (November 9-14, 2001) The Monterrey Declaration on Financing for Development- International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, (March 18-22, 2002) The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development- World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, (August 26–September 4, 2002)

5. 5 What is Inside the Global Compacts ? Shared values, principles, objectives Recognition that a better world for all requires global partnerships Respective actions that developing and developed countries are committed to take Monitorable targets and progress review mechanisms Partnerships

6. 6 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)  GOAL 1 ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER  TARGET 1 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day  TARGET 2 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger  GOAL 2 ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION  TARGET 3 Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling  GOAL 3 PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN  TARGET 4 Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and at all levels of education no later than 2015  GOAL 4 REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY  TARGET 5 Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under- five mortality rate

7. 7 …MDGs Continued  GOAL 5 IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH  TARGET 6 Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio  GOAL 6 COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA, AND OTHER DISEASES  TARGET 7 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS  TARGET 8 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases  GOAL 7 ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY  TARGET 9 Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources  TARGET 10 Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation  TARGET 11 Have achieved a significant improvement by 2020 in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers  GOAL 8 DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

8. 8 Doha Declaration on Trade  Calls for the establishment of a market-oriented and fair trading system through - fundamental reform in agriculture trade - market access for non-agricultural products - IPR regime supportive of public health objectives  Recognizes explicitly the special needs of developing countries - enhanced market access - balanced rules - strengthening special and differential treatment provisions - difficulties in implementing Uruguay Round commitments - capacity building in support of negotiations - technical assistance through the Integrated Framework

9. 9 Monterrey Consensus on Development Financing  Signaled Importance of Quantity and Quality of Aid  Prompted the pledging of additional ODA of $18.5bn per year to be fully phased in by 2006  Stressed need to create an enabling domestic environment to mobilize domestic resources  Called for more effective ODA (harmonization, untying, poverty focus, result orientation, PRSP ownership)  Recognized urgent need to strengthen inter-institutional collaboration  Interactions between ECOSOC and Bank/IMF Boards on follow up  UN, BWI and WTO to address issues of coherence, coordination and cooperation

10. 10 World Summit On Sustainable Development Acknowledged that enhanced efforts in Water, Energy, Health, Agriculture and Biodiversity (WEHAB) would be needed Recognized the special needs of Africa Recognized that existing production and consumption patterns could not be continued Called for companies to strengthen their Corporate Social Responsibility Led to the announcement of 280 partnership proposals – 50 proposals for World Bank involvement

11. 11 Significance of the Global Agenda Historic Common Ground: International community has set clear and measurable international development goals-MDG, Monterrey,WSSD Agreement that additional financing from donors will be needed for helping achieve these goals. This reverses the decline in real terms for ODA over the last 20 years. Mutual obligations of the developed and developing countries have been spelled out in the declarations. Civil society, youth and other non-state actors have been more closely integrated into global decision making- new multilateralism. But not everyone is thrilled…

12. 12 How are the global compacts doing 5 years later? The 2005 U.N. World Summit Global Monitoring Reports 2005 and 2006 Civil Society Initiatives

13. 13 The Consequences of Failure to Achieve Set Goals The cost of not meeting MDGs, in terms of lives lost and opportunities forgone, would be far greater then cost of meeting them. Without faster progress, the MDGs will be seriously jeopardized—especially Sub- Saharan Africa. Only in Ghana and Madagascar are poverty rates meeting MDG poverty targets.

14. 14 For more information please visit… U.N. Millennium Summit webpage www.un.org/millennium/index.html WTO page on ministerial conferences www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/minist_e.htm World Bank page on global monitoring www.worldbank.org/globalmonitoring International Conference on Financing for Development www.un.org/esa/ffd World Summit on Sustainable Development www.johannesburgsummit.org U.N. World Summit 2005- www.un.org/summit2005/index.html Global Call for Action Against Poverty- www.whiteband.org G-8 Gleneagles Summit- www.g8.gov.uk