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2. Presentation Outlines
Concepts of Social Inclusion and Social Exclusion
Conceptual Shift and Dimensions
Key Issues of GESI
Key Focuses of Periodic Plans
Key Interventions in Response to GESI and Social Protection
Challenges, Opportunities and Gap
Concluding Observations

3. 1. Concepts of Social Inclusion and Social Exclusion

4. 1. Concepts of Social Inclusion
A definition of social inclusion
A socially inclusive society is defined as one where all people feel valued, their differences are respected, and their basic needs are met so they can live in dignity.
Social inclusion, community inclusion, social connectedness, normalisation, social integration, social citizenship - all these are terms that relate to the importance of the links between the individual members of our society and the role of each person as a member of this group
Source: Website – Social Inclusion

5. The values Underlined in Social Inclusion
Everyone Is Ready – None of us has to pass a test to be included.
Everyone Can Learn –We are all capable of learning
Everyone Needs Support - Sometimes some of us need more support than others.
Everyone Can Communicate
Together We Are Better – Difference is our most important renewable resource.
Everyone Can Contribute – Value each person’s contributions - including our own
Source: Adjusted from Scottish Human Services Trust (2005)

6. Social Exclusion
Social exclusion is the process of being shut out from the social, economic, political and cultural systems which contribute to the integration of a person into the community (Cappo 2002).
The failure of society to provide certain individuals and groups with those rights and benefits normally available to its members, such as employment, adequate housing, health care, education and training, etc.
Source: Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

7. 2. Conceptual Shift and Dimensions

8. Conceptual Shift
Social Security
Social Protection
Social Inclusion

9. Dimensions of Social Exclusion
Gender
Caste/ Ethnicity
Poverty
Remoteness
Empowerment

10. 3. Key Issues of Gender and Social Inclusion

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GESI Groups
Issues
Women’s empowerment and gender equality
Mainstreaming, Equality and equity
...
Ethnic groups
Culture, Language, Recognition. ....
Madhesi
Identity, Mainstreaming ....
Dalits
Poverty, Untouchability, …..
Muslim
Religion, Minority, Poverty, ……..
PWDs, Senior Citizen, children, endangered nationalities
Social Protection, .....
Remote and marginalized areas
Economic and Infrastructural Development ..

12. 4. Key Focuses of Periodic Plans

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Increase production and employment
Raise the living standard of people
Development public sector
Create economic infrastructure
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Decentralization and Local Development
Minimum Basic Needs
Regional Development
Women's Participation in Development
Child Policy
Social welfare
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18. 5. Key Interventions in Response to GESI and Social Protection

19. Key Responses to Social Inclusion and Protection
1. Sixth Plan ( ): Incorporation of women’s development 2. July 1994: UML govt. identification of 16 deprived groups 3. July 1995: Congress govt. identification of 12 deprived groups 4. Ninth Plan ( ): Sections on Indigenous Groups and Downtrodden Community without identification : National Committee for Development of Nationalities (NCDN)

20. 6. 1997: Committee for Upliftment of Downtrodden, Oppressed and Dalit Classes (CUDODC)
: Upgrading of NCDN to National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities (NFDIN)
: National Women Commission (NWC)
: National Dalit Commission (NDC)
10. August 2003: Road map policies on economic and social transformation
11. January 2004: Committee on Reservation Recommendation
October 2004: Policy announcement on job reservation
……………..

21. 6. Challenges, Opportunities and Gap

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24. Understanding the “Implementation Gap”
Law
Policy
Institutional capacity
Functional commitment from development partners and national actors
Result oriented program interventions
Project cycle – participation, ownership and sustainability
Benefit sharing
Planning – Implementation – Participation – Ownership – Results to the needy ones - REALIZATION
Understanding the “Implementation Gap”
Not just “weak institutional capacity”
But also a form of elite resistance to changes in the rules of the game that would reduce their power and challenge their self-identity.
Requires long term commitment from development partners. Will not happen in a typical 3 year project or program cycle
Also really helps to have different agencies working together on the issue so that you can tap into the comparative advantage of different actors in the process. For example, the Bank is restricted in doing much with political parties, but DFID can.
An important part of closing the implementation gap is paying careful attention to the informal processes, networks and norms that have supported the current power configuration. Without changing these, real inclusion is unlikely to happen.

25. 7. Concluding Observations on Results

26. Concluding Observations on Results
Getting good momentum in national and local agenda
10th Plan onwards – moving towards Rights based approach
Economic Issues – cross cut all dimensions of social exclusion
Targeted programs may increase dependency but need to improve with strategic actions
Targeted Programs Welfare vs Rights based approach
Social Inclusion perspective in all project/program cycles - Needs value to bring positive, faster and better results

27. … Concluding Observations on Results
Unbundling law, policy, program, issues and appropriate interventions – MUST TO GEAR THE THRUSTS
Generating disaggregated information, and need to use them properly.
Attitudes of decision makers/elite resistance
Elites of GESI – trap ….CHAKRABYUHA – needs to improve
Needs both tangible and intangible interventions to bring better and faster results – SOCIAL, POLITICAL and ECOMONIC EMPOWERMENT

28. THANK YOU VERY MUCH